Original scanning tunneling microscope

We want to point out that many analytical apparatus originally designed for room temperature have been modified to allow operation at low temperature with much better performances. An example is the STM (scanning tunnelling microscope) [1,2] which allows to image the morphology of a surface. Spectacular demonstrations have been provided of what could be done with a 4K STM [2,3], Today several low-temperature STM of different design are in operation [4-12],... 

The original SPM, introduced in 1982 2,3), was the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) built for use in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The design was... 

The original scanning probe technique, the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), paved the way for the visualisation of polymers and surfaces to atomic resolution [12]. Whilst STM is still used today in biopolymer characterisation [ 13], its inabiUty to characterise nonconductive surfaces in ambient conditions [14] is a hindrance. The subsequent development of the AFM [15] enabled the nanoscale visualisation of biopolymers [16] in both ambient [17] and hquid environments [3,9,11]. AFM thus facilitates the imaging of dynamic molecular events at interfaces [9,18-20]. 

Hibino, M. et al., Microscopic origin of the odd-even effect in monolayer of fatty acids formed on a graphite surface by scanning tunneling microscopy, J. Phys. Chem. 

McDermott, C.A., McDermott, M.T., Green, J.-B., Porter, M.D. Structural origins of the surface depressions at alkanethiolate monolayers on Au(l 11) a scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopic investigation. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 13257-13267 (1995)... 

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