Orientation partial

In oriented, partially dehydrated multilayers, under conditions suitable for X-ray diffraction studies, the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles retain much of their ATP energized Ca transport activity [200-202], The Ca transport can be initiated by flash-photolysis of P -l(2-nitro)phenyl-ethyladenosine-5 -triphosphate, caged ATP [203-208], The flash-photolysis of caged ATP rapidly releases ATP and effectively synchronizes the Ca transport cycle of the ensemble of Ca -ATPase molecules [190-192,201,209],... 

Correspondingly, replacement of the phenol (Fig. 33) by m-cresol (with the methyl oriented partially along a, Fig. 35) is associated with an increase of only about 0.65 A in the length of the c axis. The methyl substituent is perfectly well accommodated within the expanded lattice, contributing additional interactions of dispersion without an apparent distortion of the previous ones. All intermolecular distances remain well within range of characteristic van der Waals values 49). 

Figure 12.3 Microstructure of oriented, partially crystalline polyester [13]. From Brunnschweiler, D. and Hearle, J. (Eds), Polyester-50 Years of Achievement, 1993, p. 172, and reproduced by permission of The Textile Institute, Manchester, UK...

Doping of perpendicularly oriented, partially crystalline polythiophene vacuum evaporated onto carbon substrates with iodine leads to reversible stuctura changes. At low doping levels only a broadening of the X-ray diffraction patterns could be observed, but at saturation doping a new structure is formed which is shown in Figure 13.16 [61]. 

The suggested explanation for this observation is the transannular stabilization of partial positive charge of the Cl carbonyl carbon by an axially oriented partial... 

For the common textile uses, fibres are characterised by flexibility, fineness and a high ratio of length to width (McIntyre and Daniels, 1995), but, they must also have an intermediate extensibility. Most have at least partially recoverable extensions up to typical break extensions of 7 to 50%, much higher than for brittle solids or the yield extension of elastic-plastic materials and much lower than for elastomers. Such properties are achieved by partially oriented, partially crystalline polymers, and are almost completely satisfied by six chemical types cellulose, protein, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene. 

Keywords bulk continuous fibers (BCF), crystallinity, drawing, elasticity, elongation, fiber-forming polymer, fiber monofilament, low oriented yam (LOY), melt blown process, melting, monofilament, multifilament silk, orientation, partially oriented yam (POY), staple fibers, spinning, spunbonded fibers, stmcture, technical fiber, tenacity, textile fiber, texturing. 

Doping of perpendicularly oriented, partially crystalline polythiophene vacuum evaporated onto carbon substrates with iodine leads to reversible structural... 

It is occasionally desirable to retain a small proportion of molecular orientation, in order to quantitate the dipolar interactions present, whilst minimizing their contribution to the linewidth. Partial orientation may be achieved by using a nematic solvent. In large, magnetically anisotropic molecules it may occur naturally at the highest magnetic fields. 

Another automated approach to kinetic analyses is the centrifugal analyzer, a partial cross section of which is shown in Figure 13.9. In this technique the sample and reagents are placed in separate wells oriented radially around a circular transfer disk attached to the rotor of a centrifuge. As the centrifuge spins, the... 

Cyclodextrins are macrocyclic compounds comprised of D-glucose bonded through 1,4-a-linkages and produced enzymatically from starch. The greek letter which proceeds the name indicates the number of glucose units incorporated in the CD (eg, a = 6, /5 = 7, 7 = 8, etc). Cyclodextrins are toroidal shaped molecules with a relatively hydrophobic internal cavity (Fig. 6). The exterior is relatively hydrophilic because of the presence of the primary and secondary hydroxyls. The primary C-6 hydroxyls are free to rotate and can partially block the CD cavity from one end. The mouth of the opposite end of the CD cavity is encircled by the C-2 and C-3 secondary hydroxyls. The restricted conformational freedom and orientation of these secondary hydroxyls is thought to be responsible for the chiral recognition inherent in these molecules (77). 

Filament. Eully drawn flat yams and partially oriented (POY) continuous filament yams are available in yam sizes ranging from about 3.3—33.0 tex (30—300 den) with individual filament linear densities of about 0.055 to 0.55 tex per filament (0.5—5 dpf). The fully drawn hard yams are used directly in fabric manufacturing operations, whereas POY yams are primarily used as feedstock for draw texturing. In the draw texturing process, fibers are drawn and bulked by heat-setting twisted yam or by entangling filaments with an air jet. Both textured and hard yams are used in apparel, sleepwear, outerwear, sportswear, draperies and curtains, and automotive upholstery. 

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