Organophosphorus structure

R. F. Hudson, Structure and Mechanism in Organophosphorus Chemistry, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1965 S. Trippett, ed., Organophosphorus Chemistry A Keview of the Eiterature Published, 10 Vols., The Chemical Society, London, U.K., 1970 to 1980 Chimie Organique duPhosphore, CoUoques Intemationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 182, Paris, France, May, 1969. 

B. Structures of Common Organophosphorus Pesticides and Abundant Ions... 

Decaborane-14 and Its Derivatives M. Frederick Hawthorne The Structure and Reactivity of Organophosphorus Compounds R. F. Hudson... 

Maxwell DM, Brecht KM. 1992. Quantitative structure-activity analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by oxono and thiono analougues of organophosphorus compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 5 66-71. 

Primary phosphines (R-PHj) are an important ciass of compounds in organophosphorus chemistry. Aithough discovered over a century ago, their chemistry and appiications have gained prominence in recent years. This review discusses recent deveiopments on synthesis, moiecuiar structure, properties, and appiications of primary phosphines. In particular, discussions on synthesis and properties emphasize recent results from our laboratory on the chemical architecture of amide, thioether, and carboxylate functionalized primary bisphos-phines. The utility of bromo- and aminopropyl phosphines (X(CH2)3PH2 X=Br or NH2) as building blocks to produce designer primary phosphines that display exceptional oxidative stability is described. The review also discusses the utility of carboxylate functionalized primary phosphines for incorporation on to peptides and their potential applications in catalysis and biomedicine. 

Sass S, Parker GA. 1980. Structure-response relationship of gas chromatography-flame photometric detection to some organophosphorus compounds. J Chromatogr 189(3) 331-349. 

X-rav Diffraction. - The crystal structures of a number of cyclic organophosphorus compounds have been reviewed150... 

Bouldin TW, Cavanagh JB. 1979b. Organophosphorus neuropathy. I. A fine-structural study of the early stages of axonal degeneration. Am J Pathol 94 253-270. 

Thermal degradation occurs when heat causes compounds to undergo structural changes, leading to the formation of simpler species. For example, many organophosphorus esters isomerize when heated... 

Diazaphospholes constitute the most widely investigated class of heterophospholes, the 67t-aromatic phosphorus heterocycles [1,2]. Diazaphospholes are unique in the manner that the five-membered ring incorporates one phosphorus atom. First diazaphosphole representative, i.e. 2//-[l,2,3 diazaphospholc was obtained as early as 1967 [3] and until 1980s the interest of organophosphorus chemists remained in the development of different synthetic routes and in investigating their varied reactivity due to the structural diversity within the class [4], On the basis of the relative positions of the three heteroatoms in the five-membered ring, six monocyclic diazaphosphole systems (A-F) are possible and all of them have been reported (Structure 1). 

The most extensively investigated reagents for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from acidic media have been the organophosphorus acids.220,222,228-234 The commercial and systematic names and the structures of the ligands used have been collected in the table presented earlier (Table 4). 

Zhu, T. Structure of organophosphorus acid extractants and their steric effect. Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 16, 305-309. 

Quite often, we find nonsystematic nomenclature used in the literature dealing with organophosphorus compounds. This results in unnecessary confusion, as systematic nomenclature is easy to use and understand. Nomenclature based on the oxidation state of the phosphorus center eliminates the confusion and helps to promote understanding of the chemistry as well as to facilitate communication. Table 1.1 shows structures for tricoordinate and tetracoordinate phosphorus compounds related to oxyacids with their English general names. Also noted are the names for simple esters of the parent acids. They are organized based on oxidation state and the number of bonds of the carbon-phosphorus type. 

Carboxylesterases are well-represented in insects and are sometimes important in the development of resistance to insecticides. Thus, a well-characterized carboxylesterase E4 is responsible for resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in the aphid (Myzuspersicae) [107]. In the California Culex mosquito, the esterase B1 is 500-fold more abundant in organophosphate-resistant than in susceptible insects. The increase of esterase levels is the result of gene amplification, i.e., the resistant animals have an increased number of copies of the structural esterase gene [108],... 

Scheme 11.13 Formation and structures of organophosphorus-selenium rings.

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