Organophosphorus-induced delayed

Acute oral exposure to several organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids produced deaths in rabbits, chickens, and cows. The deaths were associated with severe cholinergic symptoms or symptoms of organophosphorus induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). (See Section 22.2 A for further details on the neurological effects.)... 

Chemiak MG. 1988. Toxicological screening for organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity Complications in toxicity testing. Neurotoxicology 9 249-272. 

About 1-A days after apparent recovery from the acute poisoning, an intermediate syndrome of muscle paralysis can occur, requiring prolonged ventilation before strength returns. A minority of organophosphorus compounds can cause a delayed, chronic, peripheral neuropathy (organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy - OPIDN), first manifest some weeks after acute poisoning. 

Ehrich, M., Jortner, B.S. (2001). Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 2nd edition (R. Krieger, ed.), pp. 987-1012. Academic Press, San Diego. 

Pope, C.N., Tanaka, D., Jr., Padilla, S. (1993). The role of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) in the prevention and potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Chem. Biol. Interact. 87 395-406. 

Johnson, M.K., Glinn, P. (1990). Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) recent advances. Toxicol. Lett. 82/83 459-63. 

Pope, C.N., and Padilla, S., Potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health., 31(4), 261-273,1990. 

Pope, C.N, Chapman, M.L., Tanaka, D, Jr, and Padilla. S., Phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride alters sensitivity to organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity in developing animals, Neurotoxicology, 13(2), 355-364,1992. 

Baker, T., Stanec, A., Methylprednisolone treatment of an organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 79, 348-352,1985. 

No review of subacute, subchronic, or chronic toxicity of chemical warfare nerve agents would be complete without discussion of the significant paper by Munro et al. that reviewed both animal and human studies of the nerve agents tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and VX. These studies included subacute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies in animals. Special attention was paid to the phenomenon of Organophosphorus-Induced Delayed Neuropathy (OPIDN). Reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity tests were reviewed as well as in vitro studies of mutagenicity. Munro et al. s findings can be summarized as follows ... 

Johnson, M.K., Willems, J.L., DeBisschop, H.C., Read, D.J., and Benschop, H.R, High doses of soman protect against organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy but tabun does not. Toxic Applied Pharm., 92, 34, 1988. 

Nerve conduction in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) was studied using adult white leghorn hen.s treated with ui-2-t -cresyl pho.sphate or di- -butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyi phosphate (Robertson et al, 1987). Refractoriness was decreased in the tibial nerve but it was incrca.sed in the sciatic nene, and the. strength-duration threshold was elevated for both nerves. However, it is not known how these changes are related to the mechanism of OPIDN,... 

Estevez, J., Barril, J., Vilanova, E., 2012. Kinetics of inhibition of soluble peripheral nerve esterases by PMSF a non-stable compound that potentiates the organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Arch. Toxicol. 86 (5), 767-777. 

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