Organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity

Abou-Donia MB, Lapadula DM. 1990. Mechanisms of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity Type I and Type II. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 30 405-440. 

M. B. Abou-Donia, D. M. Lapadula, Mechanisms of Organophosphorus Ester-Induced Delayed Neurotoxicity Type I and Type II , Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1990, 30, 405-440. 

M.B. Abou-Donia, The cytoskeleton as a target for organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Chem. Biol. Interact. 87(l-3) 383, 1993. 

Abou-Donia, M.B., 1981. Organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Am. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 21. pp. 511-548. 

M17. Metcalf, R. L., Historical perspective of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 3, 269-284 (1982). 

Organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) has been recognized as a clinical syndrome in humans and animals for over 50 years. After an exposure to certain organophosphates occurs, incoordination, ataxia, spasticity, and flaccid paralysis develop over the following 1 to 3 weeks the paralysis begins distally in the lower limbs and eventually spreads to the upper limbs. Part or all of the lesion may be reversible, but in its... 

Barrett, D.S., Oehme, RW., 1985. A review of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 27, 22-37. 

---