Poisoning organophosphorus compound

Karalliedde L and Szinicz L (2001). Management of organophosphorus compound poisoning. In Organophosphates and Health (L Karalliedde, S Feldman, J Henry et al., eds), pp. 257-293. London, UK Imperial College Press. 

Vasilescu, C., and Rorescu, A, (1980). Clinical and clcctrophysio-logical study of neuropathy after organophosphorus compounds poisoning. Arch. 7b.T(Cfj/, 43, 305-315. 

Uehara, S., Hiromori, T., Isobc. N.. Suzuki. T. Kaio, T.. and Miyamoto, J. (1993). Studies on the therapeutic effect of 2-pyridine aldoxitnc methiodide (2-PAM) in mammals following organophosphorus compound-poisoning (report 111) Distribution and antidotal effect of 2-PAM in rats. J. Toxical. Sci. 18, 26.5-275. 

Detection and Significance of Serum Insecticide Organophosphorus in Acute Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning... 

Class 6 Poisons such as acetone cyanohydrin, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, airiline, epiclilorohydrin, lead alkyls, organophosphorus compounds. 

Larsen K-0, Hand HK. 1982. Effect of exposure to organophosphorus compounds on S-cholinesterase in workers removing poisonous depots. Scand J Work Environ Health 8 222-226. 

Shulga V., Delayed neuro-endocrine toxicity indused by organophosphorus compounds-natural consequence of poisonous substances application for terrorist purpose , In Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Terrorism -Chemical Terrorism and Tramautism, Alexander Monov and Christophor Dishovsky, eds, Publishing House of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria, 2005 ( in press). 

About 1-A days after apparent recovery from the acute poisoning, an intermediate syndrome of muscle paralysis can occur, requiring prolonged ventilation before strength returns. A minority of organophosphorus compounds can cause a delayed, chronic, peripheral neuropathy (organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy - OPIDN), first manifest some weeks after acute poisoning. 

Two factors contribute to the safety of oximes in the treatment of acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds recommended doses are small, compared with doses likely to cause even mild toxic effects in normal subjects and adverse effects of oximes are reduced in the presence of poisoning by an organophosphorus compound. 

Poisoning by organophosphorus compounds can be treated, and although the acute symptoms can be alleviated, the delayed neuropathy cannot. There are two treatments that may be used, both involving antidotes ... 

John H, Worek F, Thiermann H (2008) LC-MS based procedures for monitoring of toxic organophosphorus compounds and the verification of pesticide and nerve agent poisoning. Anal Bioanal Chem 391 97-116... 

Organophosphorus compounds belong to the strongest known poisons. Their exceptional biological activity is caused by the suppression of a specific ferment, choline esterase, which is found in the body in very small quantities. Because of their high toxicity, the production of organophosphorus compounds requires special attention to safety measures. 

There is a vast chemistry of organophosphorus compounds, and even for arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, the literature is voluminous. Consequently only a few topics can be discussed here. It must also be noted that we discuss only the compounds that have P—C bonds. Many compounds sometimes referred to as organophosphorus compounds that are widely used as insecticides, nerve poisons, and so on, as a result of their anticholinesterase activity, do not, in general, contain P—C bonds. They are usually organic esters of phosphates or thiophosphates examples are the well-known malathion and parathion, (EtO)2Pv(S)(0C6H4NO2). Compounds with P—C bonds are almost entirely synthetic, though a few rare examples occur in Nature. 

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES There are no simple direct chemical tests for organophosphorus compounds. The toxic effects e usually associated with depression of the cholinesterase activity of the body, and measurement of the plasma or serum cholinesterase can be used, therefore, as an indication of organophosphorus poisoning. 

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