Organo-soluble polymer

Cal G, Jiang FI et al (2009) A facile route for regioselective conjugation of organo-soluble polymers onto chitosan. Macromol Biosci 9 256-261... 

One of the approaches to make organo-soluble polymer is the preparation of semifluorinated polymers. Over the past 30years or more there has been spectacular growth in research in the field of fluorinated polymers [7-9]. It has been observed that incorporation of fluorine in the form of trifluoromethyl (-CF3) or... 

One potential solution to these problems, suggested some 20 years ago by Chantrell and Popper (1), involves the use of inorganic or organo-metallic polymers as precursors to the desired ceramic material. The concept (2) centers on the use of a tractable (soluble, meltable or malleable) inorganic precursor polymer that can be shaped at low temperature (as one shapes organic polymers) into a coating, a fiber or as a matrix (binder) for a ceramic powder. Once the final shape is obtained, the precursor polymer can be pyrolytically transformed into the desired ceramic material. With careful control of the pyrolysis conditions, the final piece will have the appropriate physical and/or electronic properties. 

Mansoori Y, Shah Sanaei S, Atghia SV, Zamanloo MR, Imanzadeh G. Synthesis of organo soluble aromatic poly(amide-imide)s based on 2-(5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-l,3,4-oxadia-zole-2-yl)pyridine in an ionic liquid. Chinese J Polym Sci 2011 29(6) 699-711. 

D.J. Liaw, EC. Chang, Highly organo-soluble and flexible polyimides with color lightness andtransparencybasedon2,2-te[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenoxy)-3,5-di-methylphenyljpropane, J. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem. 42 (22) (2004) 5766-5774. 

C.P. Yang, Y.-Y. Su, M.-Y. Hsu, Organo-soluble and hghtly-colored fluorinated polyimides based on 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl] hexafluoropropane dianhydride and aromatic Bis(ether amine)s bearing pendent trifluoro-methyl groups, Polym. J. 38 (2006) 132-144. 

C.P. Yang, S.H. Hsiao, C.L. Chung, Organo-soluble, low-dielectric-constant fluorinated polyimides based on 2,6- w(4-amino-2-triflu-oromethylphenoxy)naphthalene, Polym. Int. 54 (4) (2005) 716-724. 

D. Bera, B. Dasgupta, S. Chatterjee, S. Maji, S. Banerjee, Synthesis, characterization, and properties of semifluorinated organo-soluble new aromatic polyamides, Polym. Adv. Technol. 23 (1) (2012) 77-84. 

As 18 are easily prepared it is also possible to attach ester groups to such a polymer by treating 19 with ethylbromoaeate (Chart 8.10). Alkynylation into 21 and eoupling to diiodide 20 then furnishes the organo-soluble PPE 22, which... 

Properties of substituted PAs are quite different from those of the unsubstituted PAs. For instance, many substituted PAs are organo-soluble, more or less stable in air, variously colored, and electrically semiconducting or insulating. Generally, disubstituted acetylene polymers are usually more stable in air, less conjugated, and more Ughtly colored, and they have stiffer polymer chains than monosubsti-tuted acetylene polymers. 

This initial finding triggered research activity on the synthesis of polymers containing PTA and PTA-derivatives [152-155]. Recently, a new and interesting example of water-soluble Ru-Ru-Au organo-heterometallic polymer [ (PTA)2CpRu-/x-CN-RuCp(PTA)2 -/r-Au(CN)4] (Fig. 29.7) was presented. This water-soluble MBOP is constituted by... 

Y. Yang, Z.-K. Zhu, J. Yin, X.-Y. Wang, and Z.-E. Qi, Preparation and properties of hybrids of organo-soluble polyimide and montmorillonite with various chemical surface modification. Polymer, 40 (1999), 4407-14. 

A mixed ether, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, is also available. This is prepared by treating alkali cellulose with a mixture of methyl chloride and propylene oxide. Commercial grades of the polymer generally have a methoxy content of about 30% and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 5—10%. The mixed ether has increased organo-solubility and thermoplasticity over the methylcellulose counterparts. 

Polymerization of the styrene groups in the sidechains of polymers 23a and 23b was also examined. Scheme 12 shows the synthesis of the crosslinked organo-iron polymers 24a and 24b. The crosslinking reactions had the desired effect of making the soluble linear polymers insoluble. Since the linear polymers were stable with their styrene fimctionalized sidechains, this could allow for the processing of a soluble polymer, which could subsequently be rendered insoluble by crosslinking. 

Obert, E., BeUot, M., Bouteiller, L. et al. (2(X)7a) Both water- and organo-soluble supramolecular polymer stabilized by hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Journal erf the American Chemical Society, 129,15601-15605. 

Yang, Y., Zhu, Z.K., Yin, J., Wang, X.Y., Qi, Z.E., 1999. Preparation and properties of hybrids of organo-soluble polyimide and montmoriUonite with various chemical surface modification methods. Polymer 40, 4407—4414. 

An organo-soluble polyferrocenylsilane within a bis-lipophilic diblock copolymer turns partly organo-insoluble upon chemical redox switching in organic solvent [268]. Then, the unimeric polymer aggregates into spherical micelles (Fig. 22). 

From the above discussion, it can be seen that the method adopted to prepare nanocomposites is highly dependent on the nature of the polymer. When the polymers or monomers are water soluble, they can be incorporated into the pristine LDH without any organo-modification due to their good affinity with the LDH. Additionally, the aqueous environment is compatible with the condition for the synthesis of LDH materials. Therefore, water-soluble polymer-LDH nanocomposites can be prepared using some special methods such as in situ synthesis, ion exchange and reconstruction. In the case of water-insoluble polymers and monomers, their nanocomposites are usually prepared in orga-nosolvent (solution intercalation method, exfoliation-absorption method and in situ polymerization method) or molten polymer (melt intercalation method). However, emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization are methods that allow the incorporation of a water insoluble polymer into an LDH in water. The following sections are devoted to polymer-LDH nanocomposites obtained via emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization. 

Synthesis of hydrolytically stable siloxane-urethanes by the melt reaction of organo-hydroxy terminated siloxane oligomers with various diisocyanates have been reported i97,i98) -yhg polymers obtained by this route are reported to be soluble in cresol and displayed rubber-like properties. However the molecular weights obtained were not very high. A later report56) described the use of hydroxybutyl terminated disiloxanes in the synthesis of poly(urethane-siloxanes). No data on the characterization of the copolymers have been given. However, from our independent kinetic and synthetic studies on the same system 199), unfortunately, it is clear that these types of materials do not result in well defined multiphase copolymers. The use of low molecular weight hydroxypropyl-terminated siloxanes in the synthesis of siloxane-urethane type structures has also been reported 198). 

The problems associated with the synthesis and handling of chloropolymer were a major barrier to the development of these polymers until Allcock and Kugel found that chloropolymer could be obtained as a soluble, gel-free polymer If conversions were limited to less than fifty percent (3). Subsequent replacement of the chlorines with metal alkoxides or aryloxldes yielded organo-substituted polyphosphazenes which were both thermally and hydrolytically stable (4). 

The mixed acetal groups are stable to both organo-lithium reagents and living lithium polymers. Such initiators are preparable in high yields (84—92%) and are soluble in diethyl ether or benzene and insoluble... 

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