Organics, solubility activity

Adsorption This is the most widely used of the physical-chemical treatment processes. It is used primarily for the removal of soluble organics with activated carbon serving as the adsorbent. Most liquid-phase-activated carbon adsorption reactions follow a Freundlich Isotherm [Eq. (25-21)]. 

L. A. Predicfion of the solubility, activity coefficient and liquid/liquid partition coefficient of organic compounds. QSAR Comb. Sci. 2004, 23, 709-720. 

Wirth, P., Souppe, J., Tritsch, D., and Biellmann, J.F. (1991) Chemical modification of horseradish peroxidase with ethanal-MePEG Solubility in organic solvents, activity and properties. Bioorg. Chem. 19, 133-142. 

Massaldi, H.A., King, C.J. (1973) Simple technique to determine solubilities of sparingly soluble organics solubility and activity coefficients of d-limonene, butylbenzene, and n-hexyl acetate in water and sucrose solutions../. Chem. Eng. Data 18,393-397. McAuliffe, C. (1963) Solubility in water of Q - C9 hydrocarbons. Nature (London) 200, 1092-1093. 

Massaldi, H.A. and King, CJ. Simple technique to determine solubilities of sparingly soluble organics solubility and activity... 

Organic-soluble ester is brought to the reactor with the organic feed solution and freely permeates the immobilized organic liquid membrane to reach the catalyst enzyme. The ester is then hydrolyzed. The alcohol and acid products of hydrolysis are much more polar than the ester and, as such, are water soluble but relatively organic insoluble. These products diffuse to the aqueous permeate solution. The membrane both provides an active site for the reaction and separates the products of reaction from the feed [38]. 

On decomposition of hydroperoxides phase separation of the pair of primary radicals may occur. It is suggested that a similar process applies to the initiation systems in which radicals are produced by reaction of an oil-soluble initiator and a water-soluble activator. For example, the reaction between an organic hydroperoxide and complexed ferrous ions provides an eflFective source of free radicals in emulsion polymerization ... 

Table 1 indicates the solids or substances that can be effectively separated by the adsorptive bubble separation process. In general, the light-weight suspended solids, such as fibers, activated sludge, free oil, chemical floes, and fats, can be readily separated by the process in accordance with the physical-chemical bubble attachment mechanism shown in Fig. 1. The colloidal solids, soluble organics, soluble inorganics, and surface-active substances can be separated from the bulk liquid by the bubble separation process after they are converted from colloidal or soluble form into insoluble form (i.e., suspended solids), which can then be floated by gas bubbles. 

Figure 4. Preparation of the methoprene immunogen (Structure 15) by two methods a. The NHS-ester of methoprene (Structure 14) was conjugated to human serum albumin (H2N-HSA) in organic/aqueous solution, b. A water soluble active ester of methoprene (Structure 16) was prepared by the DCC coupling of methoprene-spacer acid (Structure 13) with l-hydroxy-2-nitro-4-benzene sulfonate. Reaction of compound 16 with H2N-HSA was carried out in aqueous phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

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