Organic synthesis homogeneous catalysis

Trost, B.M. (1995) Atom Economy. A Challenge for Organic Synthesis - Homogeneous Catalysis Leads the Way. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 34, 259-281. 

Trost, B. M., Atom Economy—A Challenge for Organic Synthesis Homogeneous Catalysis Leads the Way. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 259 Trost, B. M., The Atom Economy—A Search for Synthetic Efficiency. Science 1991, 254,1471. 

Trost BM (1995) Atom economy—challenge for organic synthesis homogeneous catalysis leads the w ay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 34 259-281... 

From their genesis, polypyrazolylborates have found applications in many areas of chemistry such as the modeling of active sites of met-alloenzymes, perspective materials, organic synthesis, homogenous catalysis, or as spectator ligands in the development of reactive metal centers. A number of miscellaneous items will also be discussed in this chapter. 

Trost BM. Atom economy—a challenge for organic synthesis homogeneous catalysis leads the way. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1995 34 259-281. 

Gan, K.-S. Hor, T. S. A. l,l -Bis(diphenylphosphine) ferrocene. Coordination chemistry, organic synthesis, and catalysis. VCH Weinheim, Germany. In Ferrocenes-Homogeneous Catalysis, Organic Synthesis, Materials Science, Togni, A., Hayashi, T., Eds., 1995, p 3. 

C-H and C-C bond activations by ruthenium complexes have formed the focus of this chapter, and consequently other important reactions to cleave chemical bonds such as dihydrogen, C-S and M-R have not been described. Today, ruthenium is regarded as a powerful tool for cleaving a variety of both activated and unactivated chemical bonds under homogeneous conditions. Important factors that provide these activities include 1) coordinative unsaturation of the ruthenium center 2) a close proximity of the bond to the ruthenium metal and 3) kinetic preference and thermodynamic stability of the products. It is likely that the combined use of ruthenium complexes and modern strategies in organic synthesis and catalysis will provide many opportunities for the creation of new reaction processes in the futtue. 

Microporous beads are weakly crosslinked resins obtained by suspension polymerisation of styrene and divinylbenzene in the absence of any porogen agent. This process leads to the formation of a homogeneous network evidenced by a glassy and transparent appearance. The most commonly used supports for solid-phase organic synthesis and catalysis are styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers crosslinked with only 1-2% DVB. Many of their derivatives are commercially available [20]. 

Much of the recent interest in insertion reactions undeniably stems from the emphasis placed on development of homogeneous catalysis as a rational discipline. One or more insertion is involved in such catalytic processes as the hydroformylation (31) or the polymerization of olefins 26, 75) and isocyanides 244). In addition, many insertion reactions have been successfully employed in organic and organometallic synthesis. The research in this general area has helped systematize a large body of previously unrelated facts and opened new areas of chemistry for investigation. Heck 114) and Lappert and Prokai 161) provide a comprehensive compilation and a systematic discussion of a wide variety of insertion reactions in two relatively recent (1965 and 1967) reviews. 

Such a broad range of classical elementary reactions of homogeneous catalysis with metal complexes, that can be facilitated by photons, make illumination of reaction solution a very useful instrument for substantial increase of the possibilities of homogeneous metal complex catalysis in organic synthesis. Particular examples of light-assisted syntheses will be given in section 3. 

Catalysis at interfaces between two immiscible liquid media is a rather wide topic extensively studied in various fields such as organic synthesis, bioenergetics, and environmental chemistry. One of the most common catalytic processes discussed in the literature involves the transfer of a reactant from one phase to another assisted by ionic species referred to as phase-transfer catalyst (PTC). It is generally assumed that the reaction process proceeds via formation of an ion-pair complex between the reactant and the catalyst, allowing the former to transfer to the adjacent phase in order to carry out a reaction homogeneously [179]. However, detailed comparisons between interfacial processes taking place at externally biased and open-circuit junctions have produced new insights into the role of PTC [86,180]. 

Corma, A. and Garcia, H. (2006) Silica-bound homogenous catalysts as recoverable and reusable catalysts in organic synthesis. Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 348 (12-13), 1391-1412. 

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