Organic solvent polymers solution compatibility

Harrington, MG Lee, KH Bailey, JE Hood, LE, Sponge-Like Electrophoresis Media Mechanically Strong Materials Compatible with Organic Solvents, Polymer Solutions and Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 15, 187, 1994. 

The first SEC material to become available commercially was Sephadex, made by cross-linking a bacterial p-(1 6)glucan with epichlorohydrin (l-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) which was confined to aqueous solution. A wide range of SEC materials are now available, based on various polymer chemistries and compatible with a range of organic solvents. 

Table 23-4 lists some typical commercially available liquid-membrane electrodes. The anion-sensiiive electrodes contain a solution of an anion exchanger in an organic. solvent. As mentioned earlier, many of ihc so-cailcd liquid-membrane electrodes arc in fact solids in which the liquid is contained in a polymer (plastic) matrix. The first and most widely used polymer for membrane electrodes is PVC. but other materials have been used as well for compatibility with ionophores and fabrication materials. Polymer-based electrodes are somewhat more convenient to use and more rugged than the older porous disk electrodes. All electrodes listed in Tabic 23-4 are of the plastic-membrane type. 

Many molecules with pH-dependent fluorescence properties are known and used only in aqueous media, which essentially precludes them from resist applications. To be of use in resist applications, fluorescent molecules must be soluble in organic solvents of moderate polarity and also be compatible with polymer films.Aromatic monazines such as acridine have been known to be essentially nonfluorescent in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents, whereas their protonated forms are highly fluorescent in aqueous solutions, which makes this class of materials interesting candidates for potential acid sensors. ... 

Applications of NBR adhesives are based on the excellent elastomeric properties of the polymer coupled with its polarity, which provides good solvent resistance and compatibility with other polymers. Organic solutions of NBR are the most common adhesives, although water-borne and pre-cast films can also be nsed. 

In the melt mixing method, nanoclays are incorporated into the polymer in the molten state. This technique has considerable advantages over either the in situ intercalative polymerization or polymer solution intercalation techniques. Firstly, this method is environmentally benign due to the absence of organic solvents. Secondly, melt processing is compatible with current industrial processes, such as extrusion and injection moulding. The melt intercalation method allows the use of biopolymers that were not suitable for in situ polymerization. This has been the most widely used method in the literature for obtaining PLA/clay nanocomposites. " ... 

Phase Chemistry. The miscibility of supercritical carbon dioxide with solutions of polymer and organic solvent, in general, depends upon the carbon dioxide level, temperature, pressure, polymer level, and compatibility of the polymer with the solvent. As the carbon dioxide level in the ternary mixture is increased (for a fixed ratio of polymer to solvent), higher pressure is required to obtain complete miscibility, and it is found that there is a narrower temperature range for the region of miscibility (12,13), i.e., a single-phase liquid solution (L). This is illustrated schematically in Figure 4. The... 

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