Organic peroxides table

The structural chemistry of acyclic organic peroxides TABLE 1. Calculated parameters (A,°) of selected H2O2 conformers (CCSD) ... 

Most suitable initiators are organic peroxides (Table 10.2). In certain cases, it is advisable to use azo compounds as initiators (33). 

Hazard zones for peroxides are assigned from a generic system consisting of the seven letters, A to G. The organic peroxide table in 49 CFR 173.225 contains aU of the peroxides assigned to a generic type. If not hsted, the material cannot be transported without written approval from the associate administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety. 

Curing polyester resins involves the transformation of the polyester from a liquid to a solid state, taking place on the addition of a catalyst, usually organic peroxide (Table 13.2). To speed up the process, the catalyst has to be activated, either by heating or, by the addition of an accelerator. The crosslinking reaction is exothermic and, since polyester resins are... 

Usually the monomer (as the starting compound is called) is liquid and can be polymerized in bulk or in solution. The initiator of polymerization is not oxygen, but some compound which, on heating, decomposes into free radicals, e.g. an organic peroxide (Table 5.1). The first reaction of free radical with a monomer molecule is terms the initiation step. 

The eight classes of organic peroxides that are produced commercially for use as initiators are Hsted in Table 2. Included are the 10-h half-life temperature ranges (nonpromoted) for the members of each peroxide class. 

There are more than 100 commercially available organic peroxides ia well over 300 formulations, eg, neat Hquids and soflds, and pastes, powders, solutions, dispersions, and emulsions, that have utihty ia many commercial appHcations (13,14,16,21,22,24—26,44,98,99,208,209,291—305). Many of the commercially available peroxides are Hsted ia Table 17 along with 10-h HLTs. 

Table 18. Estimated 1993 Consumption of Organic Peroxides by Principal Types, t...

Etee-tadical reactions ate accompHshed using a variety of processes with different temperature requirements, eg, vinyl monomer polymerization and polymer modifications such as curing, cross-linking, and vis-breaking. Thus, the polymer industries ate offered many different, commercial, organic peroxides representing a broad range of decomposition temperatures, as shown in Table 17 (19,22,31). 

Flammable solids and organic peroxides having, as tested, explosive properties and which are packed in such a way that the classification procedure would require the use of an explosives label as a subsidiary risk label. Dangerous goods listed in Table 15.9... 

Qiu et al. [11] reported that the aromatic tertiary amine with an electron-rich group on the N atom would favor nucleophilic displacement and thus increase the rate of decomposition of diacyl peroxide with the result of increasing the rate of polymerization (Table 1). They also pointed out that in the MMA polymerization using organic peroxide initiator alone the order of the rate of polymerization Rp is as follows ... 

GC is extensively used to determine phenolic and amine antioxidants, UV light absorbers, stabilisers and organic peroxide residues, in particular in polyolefins, polystyrene and rubbers (cf. Table 61 of Crompton [158]). Ostromow [159] has described the quantitative determination of stabilisers and AOs in acetone or methanol extracts of rubbers and elastomers by means of GC. The method is restricted to analytes which volatilise between 160 °C and 300 °C without decomposition. A selection of 47 reports on GC analysis of AOs in elastomers (period 1959-1982) has been published... 

Crompton [21] has reviewed the use of electrochemical methods in the determination of phenolic and amine antioxidants, organic peroxides, organotin heat stabilisers, metallic stearates and some inorganic anions (such as bromide, iodide and thiocyanate) in the 1950s/1960s (Table 8.75). The electrochemical detector is generally operated in tandem with a universal, nonselective detector, so that a more general sample analysis can be obtained than is possible with the electrochemical detector alone. 

Both hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon organic peroxides were used to initiate polymerization. The half-lives of several that were used are shown in Table 6.3. The perfluoro-organic peroxides were prepared at temperatures below 0°C by the reaction of the corresponding acyl chloride and sodium peroxide (Scheme 2). Sodium peroxide was formed from an aqueous mixture of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. 

If you are certain that NO oxidizers are present, then proceed to Question 11. If you are uncertain as to whether a material is an oxidizer, a chemist or other expert should be consulted. Table 3.6, which was derived from NFPA 49 (2001) and Appendix B of NFPA 430 (2000), lists some typical oxidizers, but is by no means a complete list. Organic peroxides are not included individually in this list. NFPA 432 (1997) can be consulted for typical organic peroxide formulations. Volume 2 of Bretherick s Handbook (Urben 1999,287-291) lists many structures and individual chemical compounds having oxidizing properties. 

Compound included in the TSCATS database of EPA. Additional organic peroxides in the EPA database not listed in the present table are acetyl peroxide [110-22-5], ethyl peroxide [628-37-5], 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide [3071-32-7], r-amyl hydroperoxide [3425-61-4] and chlorofiuoroaceiyl peroxide [139702-33-3],... 

TABLE 8. Risk and safety phrases frequently used for organic peroxides... 

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