Organic manures farmyard

Permitted If the material is known to be free from chemical and antibiotic residues when applied to the land battery manure, municipal compost (recognised), farmyard manure (bought in), slaughterhouse waste, mushroom compost, tannery waste, recognised proprietary organic manures e.g. Grancreta and Regenor... 

The organic farmer needs all the farmyard manure that his animals produce it is a valuable commodity for maintaining the fertility of his land, it is free and he cannot use most of the faster acting artificial fertilisers. 

The three most important constituents of FYM are nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Additionally, there are the bulky organic parts derived mainly from the straw and the part of the food that has resisted digestion. Granstedt (2002) showed that the majority of the N (about 90%) in farmyard manure served to maintain the soil humus store and the long term capacity to supply nutrients. 

By housing cattle overwinter and composting the farmyard manure, the organic farmer has ready access to a balanced fertiliser that can be spread where most required. The grazing animal does not actually import fertility onto the farm but it does recycle nutrients where it grazes and provides a source of manure when housed. This is as true of sheep, pigs and poultry as of cattle. The only problem with outdoor pigs is that they tend to rip up pastures. 

Hansen B, Alroe HF, Kristensen ES (2001) Approaches to assess the environmental impact of organic farming with particular regard to Denmark. Agric Ecosyst Environ 83 11-26 Harinikumar KM, Bagyaraj DJ (1989) Effect of cropping sequence, fertilizers and farmyard manure on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different crops over three consecutive seasons. Biol Fertil Soils 7 173-175... 

Figure 4.2. Carbon released as C02 from unamended soil and soils amended with pig slurry (PS), poultry manure (PM), cattle farmyard manure (FYM), aerobic sewage sludge (SS), municipal solid waste fuse compost (RC), and rye straw (RS) at a rate of lOgkg1 during incubation at 22 °C. Reprinted from Levi-Minzi, R., Riffaldi, R., and Saviozzi, A. (1990). Carbon mineralization in soil amended with different organic materials. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 31, 325-335, with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 14.5. Fatty acids patterns of soils under long-term monoculture, (a) Lipid extract of soil under maize, unfertilized, after derivatization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide determined by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in comparison to direct, in-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) without derivatization (Jandl et al., unpublished), (b) Py-FIMS of lipid extract of soil under rye, farmyard manure (FYM) treatment, compared to solid extraction residue, both directly measured without derivatization. Reprinted from Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., et al. (2008). How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 91-110, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

TABLE 14.3. A Summary of the Abundance of Compound Classes Determined by Py-FIMS in Major Soil Units of the World and in Samples Showing the Influence of Primary Organic Matter Input Either from Vegetation or with Farmyard Manure (FYM) on the Composition of Soil Organic Matter... 

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