Organic compounds alkynes

Sulfitation and Bisulfitation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Sulfites and bisulfites react with compounds such as olefins, epoxides, aldehydes, ketones, alkynes, a2iridines, and episulftdes to give aHphatic sulfonates or hydroxysulfonates. These compounds can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. 

Solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia have been developed as versatile reducing agents which effect reactions with organic compounds that are otherwise difficult or impossible/ Aromatic systems are reduced smoothly to cyclic mono- or di-olefins and alkynes are reduced stereospecifically to frani-alkenes (in contrast to Pd/H2 which gives cA-alkenes). 

Organic compounds can be metalated at suitably acidic positions by active metals and by strong bases.The reaction has been used to study the acidities of very weak acids (see p. 228). The conversion of terminal alkynes to acetylid ions is one... 

As an illustration of the phosphorus-carbon analogy, consider the result of replacing a carbon fragment (CR2) by a phosphorus moiety (PR) in each of the common low-coordinate organic compounds (1C-4C) shown in Fig. 1. For example, the replacement of a single carbon in an alkene (1C) results in a phos-phaalkene (IP). Similarly, the phosphaalkynes (2P) are isolobal relatives of the alkynes (2C), and terminal phosphinidene complexes (3P) can be related to the... 

The metal catalysed hydroboration and diboration of alkenes and alkynes (addition of H-B and B-B bonds, respectively) gives rise to alkyl- or alkenyl-boronate or diboronate esters, which are important intermediates for further catalytic transformations, or can be converted to useful organic compounds by established stoichiometric methodologies. The iyn-diboration of alkynes catalysed by Pt phosphine complexes is well-established [58]. However, in alkene diborations, challenging problems of chemo- and stereo-selectivity control stiU need to be solved, with the most successful current systems being based on Pt, Rh and An complexes [59-61]. There have been some recent advances in the area by using NHC complexes of Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au as catalysts under mild conditions, which present important advantages in terms of activity and selectivity over the established catalysts. 

Pioneering work involving the combinahon of an organosulfide, a C-C unsaturated organic compound and a transihon metal catalyst was reported by Reppe in 1953, in which Ni(CO)4-catalyzed hydrothiocarboxylahori of alkyne or ethylene by thiol and CO was briefly described to give the corresponding thioesters 1 or 2 (an application of one of the so-called Reppe reachons) (Eqs. 7.1 and 7.2) [12, 13]. 

Although the path (a) has been verified by a stoichiometric reaction [23], the details of exact reaction mechanism remain unsettled. Triggered by this publication [and the Pd-catalyzed doublethiolation of alkynes described in Eq. (7.7) in Section 7-3], a number of transition metal-catalyzed additions of S-X or Se-X bonds to C-C unsaturated organic compounds started to be published. In 1994, BackvaU et al. applied the Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed hydrothiolation to conjugated enynes and obtained 17,... 

Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds, containing only carbon and hydrogen. There are three families of hydrocarbons. The alkanes have only single bonds and are said to be saturated. Alkanes are very stable and generally unreactive. Alkenes and alkynes have multiple bonds between two adjacent carbon atoms and are said to be unsaturated. This unsaturation makes alkenes and alkynes more reactive than alkanes. 

Compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen have the simplest compositions of all organic compounds. These compounds are called hydrocarbons. It is possible to classify the hydrocarbons into four series, based on the characteristic structures of the molecules in each series. These series are known as (1) the alkane series, (2) the alkene series, (3) the alkyne series, and (4) the aromatic series. There are many subdivisions of each series, and it is also possible to have molecules that could be classified as belonging to more than one series. 

Organic compounds such as terminal alkynes can undergo direct mercuration using various mercury salts. For instance, alkyne 61 has been shown to react with Hg(OAc)2 to form the symmetrical bis-alkyl-mercury complex 62 (Equation (21)).73... 

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds are members of a family of organic compounds called hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen. These hydrocarbons are the simplest of organic compounds, but are extremely important to our society as fuels and raw materials for chemical industries. We... 

In this section, you reviewed how to name and draw alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. You also learned how to name aromatic hydrocarbons. The names of all the other organic compounds you will encounter in this unit are based on the names of hydrocarbons. In the next section, you will learn about organic compounds that have single bonds to halogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and nitrogen atoms. 

A. H. Haines, Methods for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Arenes, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 1985. 

Haines AH (1985) Methods for the oxidation of organic compounds - alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes. Academic Press, London... 

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