Alkanes drawing

Given the IUPAC name or common name of an alkane, draw the structure and give the molecular formula. Problems 3-34, 35,39, and 47... 

As you learned earlier in this chapter, three kinds of diagrams can be used to represent the structure of a hydrocarbon. The easiest kind is probably the condensed structural diagram. When you are asked to draw a condensed structural diagram for an alkane, such as 2,3-dimethylhexane, you can follow several simple rules. These rules are listed below. After you have studied the rules, use the Practice Problems to practise your alkane-drawing skills. 

When asked to draw the products of haiogenation of an alkane, draw the products of monohalogenation only,... 

For each of the following straight-chain alkanes, draw the structural formula. 

You can deduce the structure of 2 by thinking of a precursor of 3. Or, if the starting material is given, you can work forward one step from the begiiming. This is especially easy when the starting material is an alkane because we have learned only one type of reaction that applies to alkanes. Draw reaction arrows from 1 to 2. and from 2 to 3. and write reagents above them. 

It IS no accident that sections of our chair cyclohexane drawings resemble saw horse projections of staggered conformations of alkanes The same spatial relationships seen m alkanes carry over to substituents on a six membered ring In the structure... 

Beginning with the fourth alkane, butane, we find we can draw a structural formula of a compound with four atoms and ten hydrogen atoms in two ways the first is as the normal butane exists and the second is as follows, with the name isobutane (refer to Table 1 for properties). 

With the five-carbon alkane, pentane, there are three ways to draw the structural formula of this compound with five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. The isomers of normal pentane are isopentane and neopentane. The structural formulas of these compounds are illustrated in Table 2, while typical properties are given in Table 1. 

Thomson 1 v.r Click Organic Interactive to learn to draw and recognize alkane Isomers. 

Compounds like butane and pentane, whose carbons are all connected in a row, are called straight-chain alkanes, or normal alkanes. Compounds like 2-methylpropane (isobutane), 2-methylbutane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane, whose carbon chains branch, are called branched-chain alkanes. The difference between the two is that you can draw a line connecting all the carbons of a straight-chain alkane without retracing your path or lifting your pencil from... 

Draw structures of alkanes that meet the following descriptions ... 

Thomson Click Organic Interactive to use an online palette to draw alkane structures based on IUPAC nomenclature. 

Give IUPAC names for the following alkanes, and convert each drawing into a skeletal structure ... 

Problem 5.2 Radical chlorination of alkanes is not generally useful because mixtures of products often result when more than one kind of C-H bond is present in the substrate. Draw and name all monochloro substitution products CgM 13CI you might obtain by reaction of 2-methylpentane with C)2. 

The following names are incorrect draw a reasonable structure for the alkane and give die proper IUPAC name. 

There is one more alkane with molecular formula C6H 2, called neopentane. Draw its structural formula. 

Draw two-dimensional structural formulas for all the isomeric alkanes of formula C5H12. 

Draw Lewis structures of the following molecules and identify each as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne (a) CH3CCCH3 ... 

C09-0075. Draw Lewis structures of all possible stmctural isomers of the alkanes with formula Cg H14. ... 

Draw the "loot line over the tvo alkanes and the three esters. 

Drawing a Conclusion Describe the relationship between the number of carbon atoms in an alkane and the number of possible isomers. 

Hydrocarbon Anomalies in Soils Soil samples were collected at 200 to 500 meter intervals over the Lisbon and Lightning Draw fields and analyzed for thermally desorbed C1 to C12 alkanes by GC-FID and solvent-extractable C6 to C36 aromatics by fluorescence... 

Free gas samples were collected from 6-foot depth with a GeoProbe drill at 50-meter intervals over Lightning Draw Southeast. The samples were analyzed for C1 to C6 hydrocarbons by GC-FID and fixed gases (He, H2, C02, CO, 02, N2, Ne, and Ar) by GC-TCD. The gas produced from the Leadville Formation is particularly rich in C02 and He, and thus these are key variables for identifying microseepage (Fig. 3). Light alkanes (C2-C6), H2 and C02 are anomalous over the Lightning Draw field, but He is only anomalous off-structure to the southeast and over the water-leg of Lisbon (Fig. 3). 

FIGURE 6.2 Representation of multivariate data by icons, faces, and music for human cluster analysis and classification in a demo example with mass spectra. Mass spectra have first been transformed by modulo-14 summation (see Section 7.4.4) and from the resulting 14 variables, 8 variables with maximum variance have been selected and scaled to integer values between 1 and 5. A, typical pattern for aromatic hydrocarbons B, typical pattern for alkanes C, typical pattern for alkenes 1 and 2, unknowns (2-methyl-heptane and meta-xylene). The 5x8 data matrix has been used to draw faces (by function faces in the R-library Tea-chingDemos ), segment icons (by R-function stars ), and to create small melodies (Varmuza 1986). Both unknowns can be easily assigned to the correct class by all three representations. 

In this section, you reviewed how to name and draw alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. You also learned how to name aromatic hydrocarbons. The names of all the other organic compounds you will encounter in this unit are based on the names of hydrocarbons. In the next section, you will learn about organic compounds that have single bonds to halogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and nitrogen atoms. 

The more complicated the organic molecule, the more important it is that you draw the molecular structure so you can visualize the molecule. In the case of straight-chain alkanes, the simplest of all organic molecules, you can remember a convenient formula for calculating the number of hydrogen atoms in the alkane without actually drawing the chain ... 

Your chemistry teacher will probably require you to draw structures of alkanes when given their names and require you to name alkanes when given their structures. If your teacher fails to make such requests, ask to see his credentials. You may be dealing with an impostor. 

The oct- prefix here tells you that this alkane is eight carbons long. Draw eight linked carbons and fill in the empty bonds with hydrogen. Your structure should look like one of these ... 

Problem 5.27 Draw examples of (o) a meso alkane having the molecular formula C H, and (h) the simplest alkane with a chiral quaternary C. Name each compound. <... 

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