Organic chemistry, laboratory courses analysis

Prior to the revisions that occurred in 2001 the requirements for an ACS-certified degree in chemistry at Creighton University were very standard, one year each of general chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry (separated into quantitative and instrumental analysis), and one semester of advanced inorganic chemistry. Each of these courses had a laboratory specifically associated with it. In addition, we required an advanced... 

Vni.l INTRODUCTION In many universities and colleges there is not enough time allocated in the curriculum to carry out a full study of qualitative inorganic analysis. For such institutions the abbreviated course, described in the present chapter can be recommended. With good preparation and organization such a course can be completed within 24 to 48 hours net laboratory time. It can also be recommended as a course to those whose main interests lie outside chemistry, but who wish to acquire some knowledge of qualitative inorganic analysis. 

X-ray diffractometry are also widely used for structure determination. With the notable exception of X-ray diffractometry, unequivocal definition of a structure is seldom possible by performing only a single type of spectroscopic analysis rather, a combination of different analyses is generally required. We emphasize IR and NMR spectroscopy (Sec. 8.2 and 8.3, respectively) in this textbook because the necessary instrumentation is more commonly available to students in the introductory organic laboratory course. However, in addition to these spectroscopic techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy (Sec. 8.4) and MS (Sec. 8.5) will be discussed because of their importance to the practice of organic chemistry. You can find a number of invaluable resources and spectral databases on the Web. 

In this chapter, we delve into the instrumental tools, techniques, and procedures utilized in forensic chemistry. The chapter is best thought of as akin to a ClijfsNotes of that enormous topic, a supplement to and summary of the many fine works listed in the "References" and "Further Reading" sections at the end of the chapter. For those who have recently taken an instrumental analysis course, much will be review for those who have not, enough information is provided to imderstand how and why the instruments are used and to understand information presented in the chapters that follow. Mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry often are covered in an organic chemistry course, at least to the level of detail assumed here. The depth and breadth of each treatment corresponds to how widespread its application is in forensic chemistry. For example, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was introduced in the mid 198(te and is routinely used in many materials, environmental, and research laboratories. However, it is rarely applied to forensic chemistry and hence is omitted here. Conversely, microscopy is a staple of forensic science and is not frequently used in other analytical settings. The presentation of each method is necessarily concise and is meant to provide information requisite to an understanding of later topics it is not meant as a replacement for an instrumental anal)reis course. 

This book refers almost exclusively to the laboratory and not industrial organic syntheses. The former is much more diversified in its goals and methods, but the fundamentals of both, of course, are the same. In the final analysis, any industrial synthesis was conceived in the laboratory and differs from ordinary bench chemistry only due to the necessity to satisfy a certain set of economical and technical requirements. 

---