Organ uptake

Clearance to pulmonary lymph nodes will occur at a fractional rate of 0.0001 per day. Dissolution of the deposited particles and absorption of cerium into the systemic circulation will occur at rates that are between the extremes represented by CeCh in CsCl particles and Ce oxide or Ce in fused aluminosilicate particles as given by the functions included in Figure 9. These rates should not be expected to be constant over the entire clearance period and will depend upon the overall composition of the bulk aerosol particles, which indude particle size, amount of stable lanthanide present, acidity, and the solubility of other components of the particles. The accuracy of predicting respiratory tract clearance and internal organ uptake of radiocerium will depend heavily upon adequate determination of the particle solubility characteristics. 

Ilium L, Davis SS. The organ uptake of intravenously administered colloidal particles can be altered using a non-ionic surfactant (Poloxamer-338). EEBS Lett 1984 167 79-82. 

Triguero D, Buciak IL, Pardridge WM (1991) Cadonizadon of immunoglobulin G results in enhanced organ uptake of die protein... 

Edmonds LC, Davidson L, Bertino JS. Effect of variation in infusion time and macrophage blockade on organ uptake of amphotericin B-deoxycholate. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991 28(6) 919-24. 

Prior to using 19F MR spectroscopy on a new compound in the clinic, the potential and limitations should first be explored in vitro and then in animals [19, 20], If quantitative fluorine MR measures are desired, laboratory research may be needed prior to going into the clinic with a new compound to reveal any potential difficulties that might be encountered in vivo. Even with extensive pre-work, cross-species variation as well as selective organ uptake may lead to different amounts of MR-visible signal [1, 31, 32, 41, 42, 44], Without the proper preliminary in vitro studies, spectroscopic signal changes measured in vivo may be misinterpreted [12, 41, 44],... 

L6. Levi, A. J., Gatmaitan, Z., and Arias, 1. M., Deficiency of hepatic organic anion-binding protein, impaired organic uptake by liver and physiologic jaundice in newborn monkeys. N. Engl. J. Med. 283, 1136-1139 (1970). 

The heart-to-background ratio will increase with time thus, the imaging time is the best compromise between heart count rate and surrounding organ uptake. Scintigraphy is performed 1-2 h after rest and stress injections. There is no evidence for significant changes in myocardial tracer concentration or redistribution. 

Bioassay of " Tc-DMSA Complex. To assure high renal uptake, the Ph. Eur. recommends a physiological test in rats. The required organ uptake values at 1 h after intravenous injection (at least two of three rats) are more than 40% of the applied radioactivity is measured in the kidneys, less than 10% in the liver, <2% in the stomach, and < 5% in the lung. 

C. Unverzagt, S. Andre, J. Seifert, S. Kojima, C. Fink, G. Srikrishna, H. Freeze, K. Kayser, and H.-J. Gabius, Structure-activity profiles of complex biantermary glycans with core fucosyl-ation and with/without additional a2,3/a2,6 sialylation Synthesis of neoglycoproteins and their properties in lectin assays, cell binding, and organ uptake, J. Med Chem., 45 (2002) 478 91. 

This order suggests that the anionic complexes would be more toxic to the kidney than the cationic complexes and that trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] would be more toxic than ci8-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. The trans/ois order of kidney retention (toxicity) is exactly the reverse of that found for whole animal toxicity. It would be interesting to see if kidney toxicity, as measured by BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine clearance tests, would Indeed parallel this predicted order based on gross organ uptake. 

Detailed imaging and collection of blood, urine and faeces following the administration of the conjugate has provided critical information on biodistribution and organ uptake in addition to valuable data on pharmacokinetics and mass balance. 

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