Organ damage with

Treatment of essential or primary hypertension emphasizes not only the lowering of the elevated blood pressure, but also individualized therapy for each patient, providing each patient with minimized unnecessary side effects. The patient s cardiovascular morbidity and mortaUty should be decreased and end organ damage reversed or reduced (184,185). 

Malignant hypertension is a dangerous condition that develops rapidly and requires immediate medical attention. Fbtients with malignant hypertension experience organ damage as die result of hypertension. Target organs of hypertension include the heart, kidney, and eyes (retinopadiy). 

Regardless of the initiating process or processes leading to the development of hypertension, the ultimate goal is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and minimize target organ damage. This clearly requires the early identification of risk factors and treatment of patients with hypertension. 

Hydroxyurea should be considered in SCD with frequent vaso-occlusive crises, severe symptomatic anemia, repeated history of acute chest syndrome (ACS), or other history of severe vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) complications.6 The prevention of organ damage or reversal of previous damage has not been shown to occur with chronic use of hydroxyurea. 

SCD treatment and prevention are considered successful when complications are minimized. The major outcome parameters are a decrease in morbidity and mortality, measured by the number of hospitalizations, and the extent of end-organ damage seen over time. SCD is a chronic disease that cannot be cured, except with transplantation. 

Pretreatment with monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies prevents mortality (B23, M32) and organ damage (M16) in experimental sepsis. In clinical studies using anti-TNF antibodies, however, the overall benefit of this treatment showed encouraging but no evident results (L22). Recently, the INTERSEPT study suggests a possible role for anti-TNF antibody as an adjunctive therapy, but with no reduction of mortality (C21). There is no plain cause-effect relation between TNF re-... 

A primary mechanism of injury with sepsis is through endothelial cells. With inflammation, endothelial cells allow circulating cells (e.g., granulocytes) and plasma constituents to enter inflamed tissues, which may result in organ damage. 

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