Orange River

Diamonds were discovered in 1867 along the Orange River in South Africa, and since then Africa has been preeminent in the production of diamonds in the seventies and eighties occurred a series of amazing discoveries of diamond fields and stones of extraordinary size. Diamonds have also been found in Australia. Borneo. British Guiana, and Arkansas. 

TLC separation of the components of black dye commercial product (BDCP) was performed on silica layers. The chemical structures of the dye components are shown in Fig. 3.17. Dyes were extracted from the effluent of the dye processing plant, from the untreated river water and from the drinking water treatment plant. The organic extracts were further concentrated and purified using a copolymer of styrene divinyl benzene. The mobile phase for TLC separation consisted of toluene-ethyl acetate (8 1, v/v). The Rp values of dye components were 0.43 (C. I. Disperse Violet 93), 0.48 (C. I. Disperse Orange 37) and 0.59 (C. I. Disperse Blue 373), respectively. 

Fig. 3.151. Electropherogram of a dye mixture obtained under optimized conditions voltage 15 kV and detection 460 nm. Injection was made in hydrodynamic mode by 4 s. The dye concentrations in the standard were 15 jUg/ml except methyl orange (30, ug/inl) in the spiked river water they were 20 jUg/ml except methyl orange (40 pg/ml). Reprinted with permission from M. Perez-Urquiza et al. [193],...

The Sabine River Works of the DuPont Company Plant in Orange, Texas, shared their process interlock classification and test program in 1988. [26] At that time, this large DuPont chemical complex employed about 2,500 individuals and consists of large singletrain processing units. Most of the units are continuous processes for the manufacture of olefins, polyolefins, and chemical intermediates for nylon. 

Assigning prooftest frequencies for complex, safety-instrumentation loops requires sound engineering judgment for simple systems. For more complex, interlock systems, the frequency is a function of the tolerable hazard rates. For example, DuPont Sabine River Works (Orange, Texas) reported it had 35,000 instruments in service. Every safety interlock is... 

A legacy of the use of an estimated 600 kg of the herbicide Agent Orange during the conflict in Vietnam has been the contamination of soil, rivers, sediment and biota with dioxins [53, 54]. Hot spots of contaminated soils in the Aluoi Valley and other former US bases where the pesticides were stored have recently been identified [53]. These sites have considerably higher dioxin levels compared with regions where dioxins were aerially sprayed. These sites, if not cleaned up, will be a continued source of dioxins to the local environment for the foreseeable future. 

Simetite is also very rarely seen today. It is between 35 and 25 million years old and was found in Sicily near the River Simeto. It is predominantly orange to red in colour, sometimes appearing in a greenish hue. It is transparent, has few inclusions, and reflects light better than other ambers. 

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