Orange reduced-acid

Acid reduction of orange juice is effected by downflow passage through the resin. Juice is passed through the column until the eluate (reduced-acid juice) drops tc a pH below 4.6 as monitored by a pH meter. This method assures minimal loss of ascorbic acid. 

Reduced-Acid Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice... 

A reduced-acid frozen concentrated orange juice is presently being test marketed by The Coca-Cola Company Foods Division. 

Based on a review of all the data gathered for reduced-acid FCOJ, it is apparent that any changes that do occur are of an insignificant nature and do not alter the nutritional quality of the processed orange juice. The product of commerce is of equivalent quality to the more popular product, frozen concentrated orange juice. 

Reduced Acid Orange Juice and Comparisons with Untreated Orange Juice" 1978, (Unpublished). 

Silver(II) pyridine salts have been prepared by both chemical and electrochemical oxidation. [Ag(py)4]X2 (X = ISzOg" or NO ) salts are orange or orange-red crystals depending on the anion. Silver(II) ions are rather unstable due to their powerful oxidizing nature in solution. However, it has been observed that when strongly acidified with non-reducing acids aqueous solutions of Ag are fairly stable. 

An alternative approach to these gravimetric methods is determination procedme based on the formation of colored complexes. Orthophosphate in acidic solution reacts with molybdic acid and vanadic acid to form yellow-orange vanadomolybdophosphoric acid which has maximum absorption at 330 nm. Another approach is a two-stage reaction in which yellow phosphomolybdate is produced from the addition of ammonium molybdate to the orthophosphate in acidic solution, and the phosphomolybdate is then reduced by ascorbic acid to a molybdenum blue, which is measured at 890 nm. This last method is the basis for an AOAC-approved spectrophoto-metric method. 

Post-harvest application of AA to non-climacteric fruits has been reported to cause induction of CO2 production (a climacteric-like respiration) in orange (Fidler 1968 Pesis and Avissar 1989), fig (Hirai et al. 1968), strawberry and blueberry (Janes et al. 1978) and grape (Pesis and Marinansky 1992). In fig and orange, AA application leads to reduced acidity (Hirai et al. 1968 Pesis and Avissar 1989). 

It is interesting to note that azo dyestuffs may be conveniently reduced either by a solution of stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid or by sodium hyposulphite. Thus phenyl-azo-p-naphthol 3delds both aniline and a-amino-p-naphthol (see formula above), and methyl orange gives p-aminodimethylaniline and sulphanilic acid ... 

The a2oxy and nitro groups in Direct YeUow 11 are reduced to a2o and amino groups in Direct Orange 15. Direct YeUow 6 (Cl 40006) (14) is a greener and brighter shade of yeUow than Direct YeUow 11 and is made by reductive a2o formation from 4,4 -dinitro-2,2 -stilbenedisulfonic acid to an a2o and a2oxy dye. 

B. Tropohne. In a 1-1., three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, addition funnel, and reflux condenser are placed 500 ml. of glacial acetic acid and then, cautiously, 100 g. of sodium hydroxide pellets. After the pellets have dissolved, 100 g. of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one is added and the solution is maintained at reflux under nitrogen for 8 hours. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is then added until the mixture is about pH 1 approximately 125 ml. of acid is required. After the addition of 1 1. of benzene, the mixture is filtered and the solid sodium chloride is washed with three 100-ml. portions of benzene. The two phases of the filtrate are separated and the aqueous phase is transferred to a 1-1. continuous extractor (Note 8) which is stirred magnetically. The combined benzene phase is transferred to a 2-1. pot connected to the extractor and the aqueous phase is extracted for 13 hours. Following distillation of the benzene, the remaining orange liquid is distilled under reduced pressure... 

Orange II also has been reduced with zinc dust and hydrochloric acid, by electrolysis, and by catalytic hydrogenation. 

The coralyne salt 110 was reduced to 111, a 5,6-dehydro analogue of dihydroberberine (Scheme 40). A solution of 111 in hot ethanol kept in the dark resulted in the almost quantitative formation of the coralyne-13-olate 109 as orange needles by autooxidation. No anion was found by elemental analysis. Treatment of 109 in ethanol with 10% hydrochloric acid resulted in... 

Alkalinity and Lime Content. Alkalinity is the ability of a solution or mixture to react with an acid. The phenolphthalein alkalinity refers to the amount of acid required to reduce the pH to 8.3, the phenolphthalein endpoint. The phenolphthalein alkalinity of the mud and mud filtrate is called the and Pp respectively. The P. test includes the effect of only dissolved bases and salts while the P test includes the effect of both dissolved and suspended bases and salts. The methyl orange alkalinity refers to the amount of acid required to reduce the pH to 4.3, the methyl orange endpoint. The methyl orange alkalinity of the mud and mud filtrate is called the and Mp respectively. The API diagnostic tests include the determination of P, Pp and Mp All values are reported in cubic centimeters of 0.02 N (normality = 0.02) sulfuric acid per cubic centimeter of sample. 

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