Oil orange

Two experiments are described in this paper. In the first experiment students determine the %w/w orange oil in a prepared sample by analyzing for d-limonene using anisole as an internal standard. Separations are accomplished using... 

Oil-free alkyds Oil from seeds Oil-in-water emulsion Oil laundering Oil length Oil mining Oil of anise Oil of bergamot Oil of eucalyptus Oil oflemon Oil of Olay Oil of Palma Christi Oil of turpentine Oil Orange Oil-pump Oil reclaiming Oil recovery... 

Table 26. Comparison of Components of Spanish and Italian Bitter Orange Oils ...

H)- and (+)-1imonenes are widely used ia the manufacture of terpene resias. Additionally, a (-)-limonene and (+)- P-pheUandrene mixture from sulfate turpentine has been used to produce terpene resias. (+)-Limoaeae from the citms iadustry coatiauaHy fiads aew uses as a solveat aot only for its solvency properties but also for its orange oil fragrance. 

A solution prepared of 19-methanesulfonate (68b 2.45 g) and buffered acetolysis solution (120 ml) is heated at 100° for 16 hr. The product (2.17 g of orange oil) is isolated by ether extraction in the following manner. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and shaken with a mixture of ether (600 ml) and water (1 liter). The aqueous phase is separated and extracted with ether (600 ml). The ether solutions are washed separately with water (two and three 500 ml portions respectively) then combined and... 

Figure 2.8 (a) HPLC fractionation of orange oil on Lichrosorb 100 diol. (b) LC-GC-NPD analysis of peel orange oil (from Florida), contaminated with etliion. Reprinted from Proceedings of the 20tlr International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, F. David et ai, On-line LC-PTV-CGC determination of pesticides in essential oils , 1998, with permission from Sandra P. 

Mondello et al. (54) have developed some applications of on-line HPLC-HRGC and HPLC-HRGC/MS in the analysis of citrus essential oils. In particular, they used LC-GC to determine the enantiomeric ratios of monoterpene alcohols in lemon, mandarin, bitter orange and sweet orange oils. LC-GC/MS was used to study the composition of the most common citrus peel, citrus leaf (petitgrain) and flower (neroli) oils. The oils were separated into two fractions, i.e. mono- and sesquiterpene... 

The oil is sometimes adulterated with orange oil, which causes a lowering of tho specitiu gravity and a considerable rise in the optical rotation. It also Interferes with the solubility in 70 per oent. alcohol. Cedar-wood oil and turpentine have also been met with as adulterants. 

There an three disiiDci types of essential oil obtaiued froui the orange, namely, the flower oil, known as noroli oil, thu oil Frora tho leaves ud young shoots known as peiitgrain oil, and the pod nil, known simply as orange oil. 

On evaporation oti a watcr-batb, sweel orange oil yields from J-.O lo 4 per cent, ot fixed ru.sidue, which has an acid value of H to 30 and an ester value of li-o lo 170. Spanish orange oil, however, which is expressed From a dark-skinned orange, yields from 7 to 0 pur cent. o[ fixed... 

A niimber of Mandarin orang oils prepared In Japan have h, cn esaminedfi hnt as ihev appear usually lo he prepared hv dislillation they do not always agree in physical characters with Italian oils, nor are they, as a rnlc, nearly so fragrant. These samples had the following characters... 

A specimen from lime oil, however, has been isolated with an optical rotation - 20° 7, and a specimen of dextro-linalol from orange oil, with a rotation of + 19° 18. The characters of pure linalol, therefore, may be taken approximately as follows —... 

By this process lemon oils are found to contain some 2 5 to 3 per cent, aldehydes, hand-pressed lime oil 8 per cent., citron or cedrat oil 4 per cent., and orange oil 0 75 to 1 per cent, but more recent work has shown that these results are somewhat too low, due probably in part to some of the aldehydes distilling over with the terpenes, and for oils containing only a small percentage of aldehydes, a volumetric method, such as the hydroa lamine process, as modified by A. H. Bennet is much to be preferred, as being both simpler and more rapid to carry out, and also. more accurate. 

Limonene Lemon, orange oil Famesol rose oil, Ambretta sed oil... 

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