ORACLE computer

A new tool for computational ADME/Tox called MetaDrug includes a manually annotated Oracle database of human drug metabolism information including xenobiotic reactions, enzyme substrates, and enzyme inhibitors with kinetic data. The MetaDrug database has been used to predict some of the major metabolic pathways and identify the involvement of P450s [78]. This database has enabled the generation of over 80 key metabolic... 

In most cases, the data that you use for clinical trial analyses are found in some kind of computer file external to the SAS System. The data you need may be found in a permanent SAS data set, a relational database table found in Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server, a Microsoft Access or Excel file, a simple delimited ASCII text file, or even an XML file. In any case SAS provides a wide array of ways in which to import data files into SAS. We explore these tools and the advantages and disadvantages of each in this chapter. 

MDL SCREEN is the newest entry into the ranks of commercial software to manage HTS. The application interfaces well with popular mainframe databases such as Oracle. SCREEN can handle larger amounts of data, limited mainly by the computational abilities of the processor and the storage capacity of the hard disk. SCREEN is a crossplatform application, a definite plus in a multi-platform environment. The quality control features in SCREEN are well developed. A significant advantage of this software is its... 

The last horizontal application to be discussed here is the database. Although most of the desktop applications include a database, another class of database software exists—the database server. The responsibility of this software is to manage all databases on a network in a central location. The application software on the user desktop can then access this database. Database servers are not used in and of themselves they are often the platforms on which other systems, particularly vertical market systems, are built. The advantage of using database servers is that the server generally resides on a powerful computer, giving users fast access to the data they need. Some of the most popular database servers on the market include Oracle , Microsoft SQL Server , and IBM DB2 . 

Traditionally data, properties, information etc has been stored in files on computer disks. More recently, it has become common practice on Macintosh computers, when using Microsoft software or some UNIX applications, to use either extensions to the file name or the first few bytes in the file (or another file) to indicate some aspects of the data, for example that it is suitable for Microsoft Excel. While this approach is practical to indicate something about files containing columns of data, it is not appropriate to store information about the values in cells in spreadsheet or how it relates to data in other columns. This requires a relational database such as ORACLE, and for performance reasons the values in the cells may only be accessed via the ORACLE API (Application Programming Interface) or SQL (Standard Query Language), in other words, it is suggested that relational databases such as ORACLE should be viewed as sophisticated file systems which allow the values to be organised, efficiently stored, rapidly retrieved etc. 

Unix-based computer with an Oracle database that manages manufacturing data (all data used at, and coming from, the shop floor, and aU the specification data such as bills of materials, specifications, batch records, etc.)... 

Linux. Microprocessor version of Unix developed by Linus Torvald. Linux is presently used mostly in network servers and in clusters of microcomputers used for large-scale parallel computation. It is gaining status as an alternative to Microsoft and to Unix, for database applications, because Oracle and other vendors provide Linux versions. 

BeRo93 Mihir Bellare, Phillip Rogaway Random Oracles are Practical A Paradigm for Designing Efficient Protocols 1st Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 1993, ACM, New York 1993, 62-73. 

IBM again led the way in software with 13 billion, well ahead of Microsoft with 10 billion. Then came Hitachi with 5.5 billion and Bujitsu 4.7 billion. The American leaders included Computer Associates with 3 billion, Oracle with 2 billion, and Novell with 1 billion. At the end of the twentieth century, the U.S. leaders and the Japanese challengers were sharing international markets. The European companies had all disappeared more than a decade earlier. 

Fermilab Computing Division. 2005. Comparison of Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL DBMS, http //www-css.fnal.gov/dsg/external/freeware/ mysql-vs-pgsql.html (accessed April 21, 2008). 

Python is a general-purpose computer language with no built-in capabilities to access an RDBMS. There are modules that extend python to allow interaction with an RDBMS, for example, pygresql12 for PostgreSQL or cx oracle for Oracle. Once pygresql is installed, the following python script will fetch some rows and columns from a PostgreSQL database. 

Microsoft, Oracle, and Linux are software platforms that provide scalable environments. Microsoft Access is a widely used data entry platform where tables with pull-down entries can be created. The data storage element at the back-end requires Microsoft SQL or a comparable system to provide reliable and secure back-up and data storage. The systems should allow for dynamic error detection notification at data entry, construction of computer forms that mimic hardcopy forms, and data lookup capabilities for subject information. A web-based data entry format allows for integration of geographically separate sites. An inventory system for the repository should be incorporated into the electronic database. A data dictionary should be part of the protocol (7). 

The relational database model, introduced by E. F. Cod in 1970, is considered a major advance for users and database designers alike. At the time, however, many considered the model impractical because its conceptual simplicity was bought at the expense of computer overhead (Rob and Coronel 1997). As processing power has increased, the cost of implementing the relational model has dropped rapidly. Now you will find relational DBMS implementations from mainframes down to microcomputers in products like DB2, Oracle, and even Microsoft s Access. 

We are very accustomed to using forms and reports, often prepared in a standard fashion for a particular application. Record-based models are computer implementations of these spreadsheet-like forms. Two types can be identified. The first of these, common in the early days of file processing systems (FPSs) or file management systems (FMSs), is the individual record model. This is little more than an electronic file drawer in which records are stored. It is useful for a great many applications. More sophisticated, however, is the relational database data model, in which mathematical relations are used to electronically cut and paste reports from a variety of files. Relational database systems have been developed to a considerable degree of sophistication, and many commercial products are available. Oracle and Informix are two leading providers. 

ORACLE from Oracle Corporation and INGRES from Relational Technology Inc. are two popular relational systems for the DEC VAX series of computers. SQL/DS and DB2 from IBM are popular for IBM mainframes. A large number of relational systems are available for the... 

ORACLE is available in our company also on the VAX computer cluster. Figure 1 presents the major relevant functions. The kernel comprises all software for the management of the database and other parts of the system. Data are stored in a collection of tables described by a dictionary. A table consists of columns and rows. SQL (Structured Query Language), a standard query language, forms a shell round the kernel. Instructions for the kernel are passed down via SQL. 

Several collections of research data are planned. At present most of these data are stored in other computer systems and must be converted into ORACLE tables. For this batch loading process the ODL program will be used. Input from old card systems and new data will be processed via the lAP program. 

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