Optimal Operation Strategy

Other emissions like CO and HC, resulting from lubricant oU, are negligible, but even these already low carbon-based emissions can be reduced to almost zero with the same conventional catalyst as required for NO reduction. Thus, an optimized operation strategy involves a combination of stoichiometric operation at high engine loads and lean operation at part load (Fig. 8.27). 

Optimal operational strategies can be developed, or to eliminate the slower time scales, so as to capture long-term loss of effective Pt surface area and membrane degradation. 

Lowson, R., 2002. Apparel sourcing offshore an optimal operational strategy J. Text. Inst. 93 (3), 15-24. 

The optimal operating strategies (scheduling of operations, storage profiles and transfer occurrences). 

G. Maschio, T. Bello, C. Scali, Optimal operation strategies to control the molecular weight distribution of polymer products , Chem. Eng. Sci., 1994, 49, 5071. 

Once a production system is given, the optimal operational production strategy defines in which sequence the products should be produced next and in which quantities. 

Mdndez, C.A. and Cerda, J. (2003a) An MILP continuous-time framework for short-term scheduling of multipurpose batch processes under different operation strategies. Optim. Eng., 4, 7. 

Seifert RW, Thonemann UW, Hausman WH (2004) Optimal procurement strategies for online spot markets. European Journal of Operational Research 152 (3) 781-799... 

In a retrofit batch design, we optimize the batch plant profitability defined as the total production value minus the cost of any new equipment. The objective is to obtain a modified batch plant structure, an operating strategy, the equipment sizes, and the batch processing parameters. Discrete decisions correspond to the selection of new units to add to each stage of the plant and their type of operation. Continuous decisions are represented by the volume of each new unit and the batch processing variables which are allowed to vary within certain bounds. 

In a study of the production of a humanized mAb produced by NSO cells, Rodriguez et al. (2005) compared two different operation strategies (Figure 9.13). The optimized strategy provided a significant decrease in the ratio of the flow rates of product harvest and medium feed, with a twofold increase in the total amount of antibody harvested and a sixfold decrease in the harvested volume. Thus, antibody concentration in the product stream was increased by over 10-fold, with a positive impact on the purification process of this mAb. 

Cultivation of NSO cells in an AcuSyst Jr hollow-fiber bioreactor comparison of two different operation strategies, designated basic and optimized strategy (Rodriguez et al., 2005). 

Although well-defined design strategies exist for the optimal operation of a purely separative SMB [12], nothing comparable is available for the SMBR, although some similarities between the two units can be exploited in order to provide guidelines for the design of the latter system. 

This section presents the dynamic optimisation problem formulation of Mujtaba (1989) and Mujtaba and Macchietto (1992) to obtain optimal recycle policies in multicomponent batch distillation. Some special cases were identified where the methods used for the binary case could be applied fairly easily to multicomponent mixtures. The previously mentioned measure q of the degree of difficulty of separation was used to identify those special cases. A new operational strategy regarding the order of off-cuts recycle in a multicomponent environment was discussed. The Benefits of recycling were correlated against the measure q. 

Also Mujtaba (1997) considered the separation of binary mixtures into one distillate product of specified purity. The objectives were to find out whether it was possible to replace conventional dynamic operation of batch columns by steady state operation using continuous columns for a comparable recovery, energy consumption, operation time, productivity, etc. and to obtain optimal operating policy in terms of reflux ratio. The following strategy was considered to compare the performances of the two types of operations ... 

Strategies to improve hydrogen production have been attained by optimizing operating pH, temperature, reactor configurations, and seed biomass manipulation before inoculation. However, some matters still limit the hydrogen... 

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