Optical fibers microstructure

Ranka, J. K., Windeler, R. S. and Stentz, A. J. (2000). Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm. Opt. Lett. 25, 25-7. 

J.K. Ranka, R.S. Windeler, and A.J. Stentz Efficient Visible Continuum Generation in Air-Silica Microstructure Optical Fibers with Anomalous Dispersion at 800 nm . In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO, postdeadline paper CD-8, Washington D.C. (1999)... 

Figure 3. Examples of microstructures of dissimilar materials, (a) Microelectronic device, (b) Optical fiber, (c) Magnetic disk.

FIGURE 21.8 Scanning electron micrographs of several microstructured optical fibers including (a) high delta, (b) photonic crystal, (c) grapefruit, and (d) air-clad structures ... 

Jensen JB, Hoiby PE, Emiliyanov G, Bang O, Pedersen LH, Bjarklev A (2005) Selective detection of antibodies in polymer microstructured optical fibers. Opt Express 13 5883-5889... 

Hassani A, Skorobogatiy M (2006) Design of the microstructured optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensors with enhanced microfluidics. Opt Express 14 11616-11621... 

Direct access to the core of the fiber by means of hollow waveguides, porous core, or microstructured optical fiber. This type will not be discussed in details in this chapter as it is covered in another chapter... 

Van Eijkelenborg MA, Argyros A, Barton G, Bassett IM, FeUew MG, Henry G, Issa NA, Laige MCJ, Manos S, Padden W, Poladian L, Zagari J (2003) Recent progress in microstructured polymer optical fiber fabrication and characterization. Opt Fiber Technol 9 199-209... 

Method of defining hydrogel microstructures Via optical fibers also used for hydrogel actuation Via masks... 

Characterization of fiber microstructure normally requires several microscopy techniques, as was shown in the simple example in the last section. An optical cross section of a fiber may have a dogbone shape (Fig. 5.2D), and yet this image does not reveal much about the internal fiber structure. On the other hand, a fracture surface of a fiber may reveal the presence of internal detail when viewed in the SEM (Fig. 5.11), and yet still not provide a complete picture of the structure. Clearly, complementary microscopy techniques and nonmicroscopy techniques must be applied to solving structural problems. Specific problem solving examples are described here which are representative of the wide range of studies conducted and documented in the many journals that publish polymer research. 

M. El-Amraoui, Gadret G., Jules J. C., Eatome J., Eortier C., Desevedavy F, Skripatchev 1., Messaddeq Y, Troles J., Brilland L., Gao W., Suzuki T, Ohishi Y, and Smektala F, Microstructured chalcogenide optical fibers from AS2S3 glass Towards new IR broadband sources. Opt. Express, 18, 26655-26665 (2010). 

Large, M. G. J., van Eijkelenborg, M. A., Argyros, A., Zagari, J., Manos, S., Issa, N. A., Bassett, L, et aL Microstructured polymer optical fibers a new approach to POPs, 10th POF Conference, Amsterdam, September, 2001. 

Candiani A, Margulis W, Sterner C, Konstantaki M, Pissadakis S (2011) Phase-shifted Bragg microstructured optical fiber gratings utilizing infiltrated ferrofluids. Opt Lett 36 2548-2550 Cao WY, Munoz A, Palffy-Muhoray P, Taheri B (2002) Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II. Nat Mater 1 111-113... 

Nagahara, T., Imura, K. and Okamoto, H. (2004) Time-resolved scanning near-field optical microscopy with supercontinuum light pulses generated in microstructure fiber. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75, 4528-4533. 

Experiments using the DCC approach aimed at the discovery of improved phosphor materials have also been described. [9] In this case, samples are evaluated optically, an approach well suited to direct comparisons of large numbers of samples, although it is somewhat difficult to compare the results to the optical properties of bulk materials. Further spectroscopic evaluations of individual elements of the sample array are also easily accomplished by a variety of approaches including scanning fiber techniques. One concern in studies of phosphors is the sensitivity of the optical behavior including fluorescence intensity to processing effects such as details of the microstructure or surface preparation. 

Random copolymers of VF2/F3E when crystallized from the molten state above the Curie temperature show a microstructure in the form of very thin needle-like morphological units which are probably semicrystalline. Figure 5a illustrates the needle-like microstructure of the copolymer 80/20 melt crystallized in the paraelectric phase observed at 140 °C. After codling at room temperature the microstructure of the ferroelectric crystals is such that what appear in the optical microscope as radial fibers are, in fact, stacks of thin platelet-like morphological units (see Fig. 5b). 

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