OPP POISONING

There are as many incidents of poisoning by OPPs as there are by OCPs [12, 40, 46, A8]. All OPPs are polytropic poisons. Changes are observed in the brain nerve cells of victims of acute OPP poisoning. Acute poisoning accompanied by diffuse damage to the central nervous system causes attacks similar to epileptic fits when symptoms of clinical poisoning have already... 

The compound gave good account of oneself in clinic in the therapy for acute OPP poisonings. 

It should be noted that both plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase activity may be low from other causes—e.g., liver or other disease(s). However the cholinesterase inhibition induced by OPP poisoning is so much greater that plasma or RBC cholinesterase activity remains a reliable test for OPP exposure (ref. 164, p. 736). 

Moderately severe OPP poisoning may include all of the above symptoms plus chest discomfort (tightness, wheezing), a productive cough, pulmonary edema, a marked constriction of the pupils (miosis) muscular twitching, and the inability to walk. These symptoms could be mistaken for encephalitis, myocardial infarction and pneumonia. 

Standard treatment for OPP poisoning is i.v. injection with atropine sulfate to protect the muscarinic end-organs from the accumulation of excessive acetyl choline concentrations. Diagnostic testing, or treatment with atropine must be used cautiously in patients with glaucoma, in view of the risk of increased intraocular pressure from the drug. 

Symptoms of carbamate intoxication develop earlier than those of OPP poisoning. Hence the exposed worker is more likely to associate his or her symptoms with the pesticide and take earlier evasive action. The antidote of choice for carbamate poisoning is atropine, as with the OPPs. However, the use of PAM is not recommended here, as it may actually prove to be deleterious in some instances (ref. 164,... 

The compound gave good account of oneself in clinic in the therapy for acute OPP poisonings. The clinical studies on alloxime demonstrated its high efficacy in the treatment of patients with acute OPC poisonings. In cases of poisonings with trichlorfon and carbophos, alloxime surpasses dipiroxime in therapeutic effect. A cumulative daily dose of alloxime amounts to 0.3 g (0.9 to 1.8 g... 

In the 25 years up to 1970, there were 42,500 incidents of acute pesticide poisoning in 69 different countries in the USSR for 10 years during that period, there were 8,100 incidents [A54]. If we recalculate per capita, there was one incident per 200,000 people worldwide, with one incident per 20,000 in the USSR in other words there were ten times more incidents in the USSR than in the rest of the world. Unlike other countries where the majority of pesticide poisoning was due to OCPs and OPPs, in the USSR an overwhelming number of incidents were due to OMPs (organomercuiy pesticides) (Table 3.1). 

Cherian A.M, Peter JV, Johnson S et al. Effectiveness of P2AM (PAM - Pralidoxime in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. JAPI 1997 45 22-4. 

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are potent neurotoxins and extremely toxic to animals and humans. They function by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in nerve cells. The OPPs are known as the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. 

Poison JM, Opps SB, Abou Risk N (2009) Theoretical study of solvent effects on the coil-globule transition. J Chem Phys 130(24), 244902. doi 10.1063/l.3153350... 

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