Operating rate

Eew of the products in which polypropylene are used can be recovered in commercial quaUties. An exception is battery casings. In 1994, U.S. capacity for recycling polypropylene from battery casings was 265 million pounds aimuaHy (45). About 75% of the recovered polypropylene is used in new battery cases which have a recycled PP content of about 50%. Total polypropylene recycling capacity was 350 million pounds aimuaHy for an operating rate estimated at 71—90% (45). 

Parts are allowed to plate until the desired thickness is reached. This poiat can be monitored by knowledge of the bath operating rate, or by direct thickness or weight measurement of standard test parts. 

The goal is to maintain a history of data associated with previously executed batches, equipment operating rates, etc. and provide this information to other... 

High operating rate suitability, stiy 1000 or more operations per hour. This makes them suitable even... 

Starting up the turbocompressor installation of a nitric acid plant does not present a problem. As mentioned earlier, during the startup phase the expander is not able to contribute any power. Accordingly, electric motor drivers must initially provide power in excess of the nominal operational rating. 

A plate attached to boilers, valves, and other equipment containing officially required data pertaining to operational rating and safety issues. 

The lower limit of the operating range occurs when liquid leakage through the plate holes becomes excessive. This is known as the weep point. The vapour velocity at the weep point is the minimum value for stable operation. The hole area must be chosen so that at the lowest operating rate the vapour flow velocity is still well above the weep point. 

So minimum operating rate will be well above weep point. 

West European production capacity for MTBE is estimated at 3.61m tonne, unchanged since 1998. In 1999, west European production, at around 3m tonne, represented an 83% operating rate. Consumption was considerably lower at 2.2m tonne. Europe s new gasoline specification, which came into force in January 2000, has lifted consumption to an estimated 2.7m tonne in 2000. MTBE is used to boost octane in gasoline and to promote cleaner burning and reduce harmful vehicle emissions. Demand to meet 2000 gasoline specifications in Europe boosted prices from 250 US dollars/tonne mid-1999 to touch 600 US dollars/tonne fob Rotterdam briefly in June 2000. There is increasing likelihood that the California ban on the use of MTBE, due to come into effect end 2002, will lead to further bans in the US marketplace. 

The operating rates of each process were fixed at 22 700 annual tonnes. The yield of gross product to Class I or prime product was estimated by this author and is included in Table 16.4. Semi-washed PET flake will contain some extraneous material, by definition. All processes will lose some potential ethylene glycol due to decomposition. Hydrolysis processes are expected to lose isophthalates in the crystallization step. The methanolysis and glycolysis with filtration processes generally recover more materials for inclusion with product. Simple glycolysis recovers the most, but still loses some ethylene glycol. 

It was estimated that the vitrification option would allow for a volume decrease of 0.75 as a conservative estimate, and that the actual volume decrease could be 0.50. Wastes would be treated in four equally sized melter systems, each of which would process about 80 tons per day. The project would be completed in about 10 years. The online operational rate is projected to be 75%, with three normally operating systems and one system down for maintenance. The produced glass does not require placement in containers, as it will pass leach test requirements in that form (D114432, Appendix A). 

Boron steel is used in controlling the operating rate of the uranium-graphite piles used to produce plutonium... 

We anticipate that the demand/supply gap will continue to stay narrow over the next several years and that sulfur prices and profit margins will remain high. The recent supply dilemma has been alleviated partially by reduction of inventories, primarily in Western Canada and at Frasch sulfur stockpiles in the U.S. Mexico and Poland. But, since no new major sources of sulfur will be available over the near term, the world operating rate will probably continue to stay above 90% in the early 1980 s. 

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