Operating Overhead

Estimate the annual cost of operating overhead for the cumene plant of Example 17.9, assuming that the cost of labor-related operations is the same as in Example 17.8. 

The previous two examples provide the following wages, salaries, and benefits per year for labw-related operations and maintenance  

Direct wages and benefits (DW B) = 1,872,000 Direct salaries and benefits = 280,800 

Maintenance wages and benefits (MW B) = 1,085,000 Maintenance salaries and benefits = 271,000 

---

Last but not least, two epoch-marking technologies have been successfully implemented in 1989 and 1994 active optics, with the 3.5 m ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT), and segmentation, with the 10 m Keck. In the former, real-time adjustments of the primary mirror support forces and of the alignment of the secondary mirror guarantee consistent, optimal performance, and allow relaxation of opto-mechanical fabrication tolerances. These adjustments being derived from wavefront analysis of off-axis stellar sources located outside the scientihc held of view, imply minimal operational overheads at the beneht of reliable, substantial performance improvement... 

These are the costs for operations, maintenance, operating overhead, and property insurance and taxes, costs that are independent of throughput. For operations, 3 operators are assumed over five 40 hr shifts/wk, at a cost of 18/operator-hr, giving 561,600/yr. When adding direct salaries and benefits ( 84,200/yr), and operating supplies and services ( 33,700/yr), 680,000/yr are estimated for operations. To these, estimates of maintenance ( 800,800/yr), operating overheads ( 246,500/yr), and property insurance and taxes ( 246,500/yr) are added, to give atotal fixed cost of 1,882,000/yr. 

Machining cost can be calculated by the machining time times a machine and operator overhead rate. 2.7.2. Estimated Product Quality... 

The total annual cost of manufacture, COM, as shown in Table 17.1, is the sum of (1) direct manufacturing costs feedstocks, utilities, labor-related operations, and maintenance (2) operating overhead and (3) fixed costs property taxes, insurance, and depreciation. 

The entries under Fixed Costs appear in six subsections Operations, Maintenance, Operating Overhead, Property Taxes and Insurance, Straight-line Depreciation, and Depletion Allowance. When left-clicking within each subsection, the appropriate dialog box appears, in which the default entries can be replaced when desired. Note that the default entries are those in Table 17.1. However, under Operations, entries must be made for (1) the number of operators per shift, (2) technical... 

Pluggng of overhead system top temperature not within the operating window for sour water strippers temperature < 82 °C at which ammonium polysulfides form but temperatures too high give excessive water in overhead vapor causing problems for downstream operation/overhead lines not insulated/insuflicient steam tracing on overhead vapor lines. 

Tall, overhung valves and valve operators. Overhead ductwork. 

Collaboration involves considerable preparation costs/time, in addition to the operational overheads and risks, which represent barriers to the rapid formation of dynamic coalitions in response to business opportunities [48]. As a basic rule, in order to support rapid formation of collaborative networks, it is necessary that potential partners are ready in advance and prepared to participate in such collaboration. This preparedness includes compliance with a common interoperable... 

The system has been on trial at John Lewis Peter Jones store in London where the technology was used for the automated updating of price and product information without the need for in-store paper labels. The npdating process was carried out using a simple wireless network thus reducing the operational overheads incurred when nsing paper labels. A similar trial was successfully carried at a Tesco store in Leicester. 

---