Oncogene Cooperation

Gene Name Familial Cancer Syndrome Protein Function Sites/Types of Commonly Associated Neoplasms 

TP53 Li-Fraumeni syndrome Transcription factor Most human cancers 

APC Familial adenomatous polyposis fi-catenin degradation Colon, stomach, intestine 

CDKN2A Familial malignant Cyclin-dependent Melanoma, pancreas 

PTCH Gorlin syndrome Transmembrane receptor Basal cell carcinoma, ovary, heart, medulloblastoma, meningioma 

---

Li J, Sejas DP, Burma S, Chen DJ, Pang Q (2007) Nucleophosmin suppresses oncogene induced apoptosis and senescence and enhances oncogenic cooperation in cells with genomic instabil ity. Carcinogenesis 28 1163 1170... 

Pedraza-Farina, L. G. (2006). Mechanisms of oncogenic cooperation in cancer initiation and metastasis. Yale J Biol Med 19, 95-103. 

Moreau-Gachelin F. Multi-stage Friend murine erythroleukemia molecular insights into oncogene cooperation. Retrovirology. 2008 4(5) 99. 

Wolfes, H., Kogawa, K., Millette, C. F., and Cooper, G. M. (1989). Specific expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes before entry into meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis. Science 245 740-743. 

Goldman, D. S., Kiessling, A. A., and Cooper, G. M. (1988). Post-transcriptional processing suggests that c-mos functions as a maternal message in mouse eggs. Oncogene 3 159-162. 

Sevilla A, Santos CR, Barcia R, Vega FM, Lazo PA (2004a) c-Jun phosphorylation by the human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRKl) and its cooperation with the N-terminal kinase of c-Jun (JNK). Oncogene 23(55) 8950-8958... 

Dn Y., Spence S.E., Jenkins N.A. and Copeland N.G. (2005) Cooperating cancer-gene identification throngh oncogenic-retrovirns-indnced insertional mutagenesis. Blood 106, 2498-2505. 

Landrette, S., Kuo, Y., Hensen, K., Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani, S., Perrat, P., Van de Ven, W., Delwel, R. and Castilla, L. (2005) Plagl and Plagl2 are oncogenes that induce acute myeloid leukemia in cooperation with Cbfb-MYH11. Blood 105, 2900-2907. 

Land, H., Parada, L.G., and Weinberg, R.A. (1983b). lUmorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes, Nature 304,596. 

Cooper, G. M., ed. (1990) Oncogenes, Jones Bartlett, Boston, Massachusetts... 

In acquired malignancies, oncogene activity appears to occur in association with chromosomal rearrangement. There is some evidence that the cooperation of two or more oncogenes, acting in concert, or in sequence, may effect transformation of a normal stale to a malignant one. However, further studies are needed to clarify this siiuation. 

Similar studies have shown that the H-ras and the myc oncogenes can cooperate to produce dense foci of morphologically transformed cells from REF cultures (fig. S4.8). Thus, two cellularly derived oncogenes have been shown to complement each other to produce a fully transformed phenotype. Parallel experiments have been done on whole mice to show that the combination of ras and myc is highly tu-morigenic. Experiments of this sort suggest that at a mini-... 

As mentioned earlier, epidemiological studies have revealed that the incidence of cancer increases exponentially with age. From these studies, it has been suggested that three to seven mutations or hits are necessary for cancer development. Definitive proof that these hits occur in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and that these genes cooperate in tumorigenesis comes from molecular studies in human cancer and mouse cancer models. 

Nagakubo D, Taira T, Kitaura H, Ikeda M, Tamai K, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H (1997) DJ-1, a novel oncogene which transforms mouse NIH3T3 cells in cooperation with ras. Biochem Biophys Res Common 231 509-513... 

---