Oligonucleotide probe complexity

Assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA in peripheral blood monuclear cells can be performed by PCR followed by detection of PCR products by electrochemiluminescence-labeled oligonucleotide probe [Tris-bipyridine ruthenium (II) complex]. Since one of the PCR primers is biotin-labeled at the 5 end, facile capture of the PCR product-probe complex can be accomplished on streptavidin-conjugated magnetic particles, prior to analysis in an electrochemiluminescence analyzer (S3). 

Lanthanide-labeled oligonucleotide probes are now available commercially (161). Oligonucleotides are synthesized containing free amino groups, which are then labeled with a lanthanide chelate via a Schiff base conjugation [similar to the reaction shown in Fig. 19 but with a monoaldehyde functional group (linker) of a lanthanide complex in place of glutaraldehyde]. b. 

In contrast to the use of individual DOM constituents, another approach involves the use of structurally complex mixtures of organic matter as substrates for enrichment. Gonzalez et al., (1996) assessed the composition of the bacterial community in seawater microcosms enriched with a HMW lignin mixture. Isolates recovered from these microcosms were used for design of whole genome and oligonucleotide probes, which were then used to characterize the composition of the microcosm community. Three isolates, two from y-Proteobacteria and one from the Roseobacter clade of a-... 

SBH analysis of a single complex nucleic acid sample may require tens of thousands of individual probe-DNA hybridizations. Such massively parallel experiments are ideally suited to microarray applications in which oligonucleotide probes bound to a solid support are exposed to DNA samples alone or in combination with nucleotide bases or additional probes in solution (see below). Probe... 

The first studies to address whether STAT proteins can be activated in neutrophils were published 5 months apart in 1995-1996. In one of them, Tweardy et al. [32] investigated the effect of several neutrophil agonists on this response. Whole-cell extracts from neutrophils disrupted by freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using a human serum-inducible element (hSIE/m67) oligonucleotide probe. A specific complex was induced in cells treated with G-CSF, but could not be supershifted using antibodies raised against individual STAT proteins. The authors concluded that granulocytes express a novel STAT-like protein, which they called STAT-G... 

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