Oligomers cellulosics

In breaking down the long polymeric cellulose chains to shorter oligomers the organisms produce sugars that they can then metabolise further. 

Poly(HASCL) depolymerases are able to bind to poly(3HB)-granules. This ability is specific because poly(3HB) depolymerases do not bind to chitin or to (crystalline) cellulose [56,57]. The poly(3HB)-binding ability is lost in truncated proteins which lack the C-terminal domain of about 60 amino acids, and these modified enzymes do not hydrolyze poly(3HB). However, the catalytic domain is unaffected since the activity with water-soluble oligomers of 3-hy-droxybutyrate or with artificial water-soluble substrates such as p-nitrophenyl-esters is unaffected [55, 56, 58, 59]. Obviously, the C-terminal domain of poly(3HB) depolymerases is responsible and sufficient for poly(3HB)-binding [poly(3HB)-binding domain]. These results are in agreement ... 

J. Piskorz, P. Majerski, D. Radlein, A. Vladars-Usas, and D. S. Scott, Flash pyrolysis of cellulose for production of anhydro-oligomers, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 56 (2000) 145-166. 

A method developed in the MBR involved heating the cellulose with 1% sulfuric acid, from ambient to 215 °C within 2 min, maintaining this temperature for 30 s and cooling. The entire operation was completed within 4 min and afforded glucose in nearly 40% yield, along with fermentable oligomers [26]. 

Moulthrop, J. S., Swatloski, R. R, Moyna, G. et al.. High-resolution NMR studies of cellulose and cellulose oligomers in ionic liquid solutions, Chem. Commun., 1557,2005. 

Reactive prepolymers used as binders are produced by acrylation of oligomers, such as epoxy resins, urethanes, polyesters, silicones, oligo-buta-diene, melamine derivatives, cellulose, and starches. Prepolymers are the principal ingredients of coating formulations and largely determine the basic properties of the coating. Examples of industrially important acrylated prepolymers are in Table 5.9. 

Free formaldehyde is a mixture of formaldehyde, formaldehyde hydrates, and low molecular oligomers. It imparts a characteristic odor to padding bath or padded fabrics (76,77). Cellulosics fabrics are capable of retaining large quantities of free formaldehyde, which are gradually evolved. Because all finishes degrade to some extent, extractable formaldehyde and releasable formaldehyde must be considered with respect to user exposure. 

For cellulose nitrate, polyacrylates of higher alcohols have proved to give very smooth and transparent films. Good results are obtained with polybutyl acrylate and polyethylhexyl acrylate. The polyacrylates of higher alcohols can be used as plasticizers for rubber. Oligomers of acrylates can not be used in combination with PVC, because they give only hard films. 

Cellulose is a universal inducer of cellulase biosynthesis. Since cellulose is insoluble, the microorganisms are unable to utilize it unless it has been hydrolyzed first to glucose or soluble oligomers of cellulose. But if cellulose cannot be utilized directly without first being solubilized, the question arises as to how it gets into the cells to act as an inducer. There appear to be several possible explanations. 

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