Oligomers and Macromolecules

Peptides and proteins by comparison have stronger rotatory powers with obvious potentials in clinical analyses, either as the analyte or the auxiliary reagent. However, typical of the general trends in the study of oligomers and macromolecules, the major research interests were focussed on abstracting structural information [75], (and see the Chapter by Manning and Towell). The... 

Many colloidal systems and in particular biological systems contain oligomers and macromolecules that can carry a charge. A typical colloidal solution... 

D. J., Organosilylphosphazene oligomers and polymers Synthesis via lithioaryloxyphosphazenes, Macromolecules. 22. 3571, 1989. 

The present volume gives a general and at the same time rather detailed review on main research developments in the field of dendrimers (oligomer and polymer) during the past several years, but also offers views and visions of the future - of what could soon be achieved in this area at the interface between small organic molecules and macromolecules (polymers). We are sure that the rapid development of fractal-shaped molecules will continue in academic institutes as well as in industry - there is still more to come. 

Ekin A, Webster DC. (2006) Synthesis and characterization of novel hydroxyalkyl carbamate and dihydroxyalkyl carbamate terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers and their block copolymers with poly(e-caprolactone). Macromolecules 39 8659-8668... 

Many, but not all, macromolecules are created by the mutual chemical chain reactions of small molecules called monomers and the arising species contain repeated small units, mers. In that case they are designated oligomers or polymers depending on their molar mass. This means that all oligomers and polymers can be called macromolecular substances but not all macromolecular substances are of oligomeric or polymeric nature (lignin, humin substances, etc.). Properties of macromolecular systems depend on... 

A step-growth polymerization (with or without elimination of low-molar-mass products) involves a series of monomer + monomer, monomer + oligomer, monomer or oligomer + macromolecule, and macromolecule + macromolecule reactions. The molar mass of the product grows gradually and the molar mass distribution becomes continuously wider. Functionalities of monomers and the molar ratio between coreactive sites are the main parameters for controlling the polymer structure. 

A large number of chromophoric, helical macromolecules and oligomers, and supramolecular helical assemblies have been constructed by utilizing vari-... 

The first attempts to synthesize short macromolecules bearing at their chain end an active double bond were made by Greber et al.7) in 1962. They reacted the Grignard derivative of p-chlorostyrene with co-chlorodimethylsiloxane oligomers and obtained polydimethylsiloxane macromonomers bearing at their chain end a p.-vinyl phenyl group ... 

We have seen that the rate of step-growth or condensation polymerization is relatively slow and macromolecules are only produced at high degrees of conversion. In contrast, chain or addition polymerizations occur rapidly and polymer is produced in the initial stages of the reaction. Instead of having monomers going to oligomers and then to polymers, with essentially all the molecules... 

For our purposes, adsorption from solution is of more direct relevance than gas adsorption. Most, if not all, topics in the five volumes of FICS Involve one or more elements of it. In the present chapter, the basic elements will be introduced, restricting ourselves to low molecular weight, uncharged adsorbates and solid surfaces. Adsorption of charged species leads to the formation of electrical double layers, which will be treated in chapter 3. Adsorption at fluld/fluid Interfaces follows in Volume III. Adsorption of macromolecules will be Introduced in chapter 5. Between monomers, short oligomers, longer oligomers and polymers there is no sharp transition in the present chapter we shall go as far as non-ionic surfactants, but omit most of the association and micelle formation features, which will be addressed in a later Volume. There will be some emphasis on aqueous systems. 

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