Insulins older people

Metabolic disorders are common, especially diabetes mellitus, a disorder of the glucose control. Most serious is type 1 diabetes, where the beta cells are destructed, typically by an autoimmune reaction, so the patient must be given insulin the rest of his/her life. Untreated it can lead to death within some months to a few years. It attacks mainly younger adults or children. The second, called type 2 diabetes, affects older people, typically in their 60s and typically obese. The disease is a combination of a decreased insulin production and an impaired glucose disposal. It evolves slowly and many patients can, at least in the beginning, be controlled with diet and exercise. 

Type 2, also known previously as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), accounts for 90 to 95 percent of persons with diabetes mellitus.19 This form of diabetes usually occurs in adults, especially in older individuals.35,102 Type 2 diabetes, however, can also occur in young people, and there is concern that the incidence of this disease is increasing dramatically in children and adolescents.9,83 Although the specific factors responsible for this disease are unknown, a genetic predisposition combined with poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise all seem to contribute to the onset of type 2 diabetes.50,81,83 Increased body weight is common in patients with type 2 diabetes. 

Type 2 (formerly, non-insulin dependom diabetes mellitus, NIDDM), which typic.illy occurs in older, often obese people who retain capacity to secrete insulin but who arc resistant to its. action.Those terms and abbreviations are used in this ciiaptei. ... 

Diabetes is a worldwide problem afflicting approximately 5% of the adult population of industrialized nations. In the USA 18.2 million people (13 million diagnosed, 5.2 million undiagnosed), approximately 6% of the US population is afflicted with diabetes. Over 40% of the population with diabetes is age 60 or older and 90-95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes are type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes) [28]. There is a great need to develop the best possible glucose biosensors to continuously, accurately, painlessly and safely monitor blood glucose level to improve the lives of all diabetics. 

Major current problem areas for population health include obesity, cardiovascular health, age-related cognitive decline, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes [22]. AU these concerns are expected to grow because of the change of the age pyramid to older societies. People are living longer, and so incidence... 

CONTRAINDICATIONS. Elemental diets should not t)e given to infants under 3 months of age, and older infants should be given on/y diluted diets. The diets are unsuitable also when patients have diseases of the kidneys and the liver in which the metabolism and excretion of nutrients is impaired. Furthermore, they should not be given to people with intestinal stasis of various types, and they should be used with great caution in cases of insulin-dependent diabetes. Finally, it may be preferable to use intravenous hyperalimentation when a jejunal fistula is present. 

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