Oil, origin

Sulfitr and nitrogen contents in 550°C uacaum residues according to crude oil origin. Source Total. 

Primary production typically recovers 10—25% of the oil originally ia the reservoir. Efficiency of primary production is related to oil properties, reservoir properties, geometric placement of oil wells, and the drilling and completion technology used to drill the wells and prepare them for production. Pumping the well can maintain production at economic levels for years. 

The principal constituents of most crude oils are hydrocarbon compounds. All hydrocarbon classes are present in the crude mixture, except alkenes and alkynes. This may indicate that crude oils originated under a reducing atmosphere. The following is a brief description of the different hydrocarbon classes found in all crude oils. 

Mylanta Liquid—simethicone, sorbitol Nephrox Liquid—aluminum hydroxide, mineral oil Original Alka-Seltzer Effervescent Tablets—sodium bicarbonate, aspirin, citric acid, phenylalanine Riopan Plus—magaldrate, simethicone, sorbitol, sucrose Riopan Plus Suspension—magaldrate, simethicone, saccharin, sorbitol... 

Extensive waterflooding began in the 1940 s. Currently waterflooding accounts for about 40% of domestic oil production. Waterflooding typically recovers 15-25% of the oil originally in place. 

For example, consider a reservoir which has produced 40% of the oil originally in place. If an injection fluid contacts 70% of the reservoir and has an oil displacement efficiency of 70% of the remaining oil (42% of the oil originally in place) then the maximum enhanced oil recovery is 49% of the oil remaining in place or 29% of the oil originally present in the reservoir. (Trapping and other oil loss mechanisms are neglected in this simplified treatment.) Total oil recovery has increased to 69%. 

H]-Oil Original activity (kBq mg ) Thermal detritiation % detritiation Time (h) Microwave detritiationa % Detritiation Time (min) ... 

Cananga oil originates almost exclusively in Java, where the flowers are collected throughout the year annual production is ca. 501. The oil is used mainly in perfuming soaps where it is more stable due to its lower ester content in comparison to ylang-ylang oils. FCT 1973 (11) p. 1049 [68606-83-7], [93686-30-7]. 

Crude Petroleum. This method, in principle, should be applicable to all carbonaceous materials regardless of origin. Preliminary C13 measurements made on a sample of Ponca City crude oil (original petroleum of Project 6, American Petroleum Institute) yielded an aromaticity value of 0.15. 

The waler drive is generally the most efficient oil-production process. Oil fields in which water drive is effective are capable of yielding recoveries ranging up to 50% of the oil originally in place, it (1) the physical nature of the reservoir rock and of the oil are conducive to the process, (2) care is exercised in completing and producing llie wells, and (3) Ihe rale of withdrawal of products is optimal. 

Crude oil origin Asphaltenes (wt. %)d Nickel Vanadium Iron... 

Crude oil origin. . . Residuum type. Vacuum Gas Oil Atmospheric Vacuum (east) Atmospheric Burzurgan Boscan Atmospheric Vacuum California Vacuum Cabimas Vacuum... 

Oil originally in place (OOIP) the quantity of petroleum existing in a reservoir before oil recovery operations begin. 

Various populations in Missouri were exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD in 1971 and 1972 as a result of spraying approximately 29 kg of 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated waste oil on horse arenas, parking lots, and residential roads for dust control (Andrews et al. 1989). The oils originated from an industrial waste residue contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD at levels of 305 ppm (Needham et al. 1991). An exposed group of 51 adults have been the subject of several studies. Adipose tissue levels, as well as paired human serum levels, were measured for 36 of these persons. Sixteen of the individuals were residents of areas where roadways had been sprayed and had mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD adipose tissue levels of 21.1 ppt (range,... 

The gas is passed into the primary condenser and cooler at a temperature of about 75°C. Here the gases are cooled by water to 30°C. The gas is conducted to an exhauster, which serves to compress it. During the compression the temperature of the gas rises as high as 50°C. The gas is passed to a final tar extractor or an electrostatic precipitator. On leaving the tar extractor or precipitator, the gas carries three-fourths of the ammonia and 95 percent of the light oil originally present. 

The name "tall oil" originates from the Swedish word "tall" which means pine. 

---