Of ozone treatment

Chand et al. [64] have investigated the use of ozone treatment assisted by a liquid whistle reactor (LWR), which generates hydrodynamic cavitation, for water disinfection using a simulated effluent containing Escherichia coli. A suspension having an E. coli concentration of approximately 10s to 109 CFU mL 1 was introduced into the LWR to examine the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation alone... 

Perez, A.G., Sanz, C., Rios, J.J., Olias, R. and Olias, J.M. (1999) Effects of ozone treatment on postharvest strawberry quality . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 1652-1656. 

Tomlinson and Rich have also considered the reaction of ozone (at 1 ppm for 30 min) with lipid components of the leaves. They found that a change in the fatty acid composition as a result of ozone treatment was an increase in the saturated fatty acid content. 

Alterations in root metabolism as a result of ozone treatment are also reflected in the nodulation of soybeans (21). When soybeans were exposed to a single acute ozone dose (lM-70 yg/m ozone for 1 hr) and harvested at weekly intervals following exposure, nodule number increased more slowly in exposed plants (2 nodules/wk) than in control plants (8 nodules/wk) (Fig. 9). 

The lignin (50 g) was dissolved in a mixture of dioxane (500 ml) and methanol (1,000 ml), and ozonized at 0°C with an oxygen flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and ozone concentration of 3% as shown in Figure 3. After treatment with ozone, the solution was treated with an excess amount of ether, and the insoluble fraction was filtered off, followed by drying under vacuum. Three samples (No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3) differed in the extent of ozone treatment as shown in Table I. The molar equivalents were based on the ratio of ozone to each phenylpropane (C9) unit. The yield of each sample is also shown in Table I. 

This study reports two gel permeation techniques used to evaluate water at various stages of (potable water) treatment. The water samples were taken from a surface-water pilot treatment plant that employed several levels of ozone treatment. Selected fractions of the permeate were subsequently analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 

Ozone is one of the strongest oxidants in drinking and waste water treatment. Due to the slow reaction rate constants and mostly incomplete mineralization with the direct reaction of ozone, treatment methods with an even stronger oxidant, the OH-radical, were developed such as ... 

Ohlenbusch G, Hesse S, Frimmel F H (1998) Effects of ozone treatment on the soil organic matter on contaminated sites, Chemosphere 37 1557-1569. 

Upham BL, Yao JJ, Trosko JE, Masten SJ. Determination of the efficacy of ozone treatment systems using a gap junction intercellular communication bioassay. Environ Sci Technol 1995 29 2923-2928. 

Table III. Bacteriological Results of Ozone Treatment on Filtered and Unfiltered Sewage ...

The results demonstrate remarkable progress in the field of ozone treatment of drinking water. They show that smaller dosages and shorter retention times are possible, allowing substantial reduction in costs. 

Effect of ozone treatment on swelling and water absorption... 

Rice, R.G. Application of ozone in water and waste water treatment. In Analytical Aspects of Ozone Treatment of Water and Waste Water] Rice, R.G., Browning, M.J., Eds. The Institute New York, 1986 7-26. 

Miura, K. and Morimoto, T. (1994). Adsorption sites for water on graphite. 6. Effect of ozone treatment of sample. Langmuir, 10, 807-11. (References to previous papers in this series are given here)... 

Upon examination of Figure 3 the butadiene homopolymer surface energy does not appear to be as strongly affected as the 25% styrene block copolymer. This realization alone would tend to discount the theory of styrene simply shielding ozone from the butadiene segments. The effect of ozone treatment on the change in surface energy appears to relate to the styrene content of the polymers studied. 

Apparatus has been developed (/) for the production of ozone for use in the accelerated aging of liquors. Sizes up to 300 kw. with capacities up to 10 to 12 kg. of ozone per hour are available. Concentrations of 2 to 4 grams of ozone per cubic meter can be obtained in air or oxygen, with an energy consumption of 25 to 35 kw-hr. per kg. of ozone. Treatment of liquor with ozone gives a mellowing effect in a short time which can be obtained otherwise only after months or years of storage. Analysis shows a decreased aldehyde content and an increased ester content. A suitable ozonizer for liquor treatment is a special 50-watt size with a capacity of 100 liters per hour. 

Jaksch, D., Margesin, R., Mikoviny, T., Skalny, J.D., Hartungen, E., Schinner, E, Mason, N.J., Mark, T.D. (2004) The effect of ozone treatment on the microbial contamination of pork meat measured by detecting the emissions using PTR-MS and by enumeration of microorganisms. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 259,209-214. 

Cold water systems usually cannot be steamed. Instead chemical disinfection or disinfection using ozmie is customary. An important benefit of ozone treatment compared to other chemical methods is that it can be executed automatically. 

The first step of ozone treatment (1.1 mg Oj/dm 25%) is used for disinfection and flocculation of water contaminants before its fast filtering. Fast filters remove more than 95% suspended solids. The next step of ozonation is carried out using 0.5 mg 03/dm, and then water is treated by slow filters with activated carbon. 

Freshly extruded, 50 tm C2H -ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer film is treated by 500 ml/m oxygen containing 10 g/m ozone and is calendered with 200 tm monolayer C2CIF3 - polymer film at 15°C to produce moisture-proof packaging material with intra-layer adhesion of 800 g/15 mm and thermosealing force of 3.6 kg/15 mm against 250 and 1.3, respectively, in the absence of ozone treatment [119]. 

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