Of methyl Cellosolve

Five grams of potassium hydroxide (85% KOH) is dissolved in 100 ml. of Methyl Cellosolve (Note 1) in a 500-ml. flask (Note 2) fitted with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, and a heating mantle. Dicyandiamide (50.4 g. 0.6 mole) (Note 3) and benzo-nitrile (50 g. 0.485 mole) are added, and the mixture is stirred and heated. A solution is formed, and, when the temperature reaches 90-110°, an exothermic reaction begins and the product separates as a finely divided white solid. The vigor of the reaction is kept under control by the refluxing of the solvent (Note 4). 

Photolytic. Grosjean (1997) reported an atmospheric rate constant of 1.25 x lO" cmVmolecule-sec at 298 K for the reaction of methyl cellosolve and OH radicals. Based on an atmospheric OH concentration of 1.0 x 10 molecule/cm , the reported half-life of methyl cellosolve is 0.64 d (Grosjean, 1997). 

The unknown has molecular weight 134 this is double the weight of methyl cellosolve, minus 18 (water). The IR shows no OH, only ether C—O. The NMR shows no OH, only H—C—O in the ratio of 3 2 2. Apparently, two molecules of methyl cellosolve have combined in an acid-catalyzed, bimolecular dehydration. 

Acetone and mixture of acetone and methyl cellosolve are commonly used as solvent cements for cellulose acetate. Acetone is a strong solvent for the plastic, but evaporates rapidly. The addition of methyl cellosolve retards the evaporation, prevents blushing, and permits more time for handling the... 

Materials consist of standard solutions of amino acids, acetate buffer (4 M, pH 5.5), ethanol (50%), methyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether), and ninhydrin reagent (0.9 g of ninhydrin and 0.12 g of hydrantin dissolved in 30 ml of methyl cellosolve and 10 ml of acetate buffer, prepared fresh). 

Note 2. If the water content of methyl Cellosolve or ethylene glycol is appreciably greater than 0.1% they may be dried by distilling off about 5% and using the remaining 95%. 

Add 10 ml of a 01M sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer, pH 4-6. Adjust the volume to 100 ml using a mixture of equal parts of methyl cellosolve and distilled water. Add 0 2 g of lanthanum chloranilate, shake the flask immediately and then allow to stand for thirty minutes, shaking at frequent intervals. Filter or centrifuge to give a clear solution and measure the extinction in a 1-cm cell at 530 m/j, against a blank prepared in the same way. For greater sensitivity (in the range 0 5 to 4 0 jug per ml), the extinction should be measured at 330 m//. 

Homologous mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, such as monoethyl glycol (or 2-ethoxyethanol), HOC2H4OC2H5, form excellent solvents as they combine to a large extent the solvent properties of alcohols and ethers. The monoethyl and the monomethyl members have the technical names of ethyl cellosolve and methyl cellosolve respectively. Dioxan... 

Mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, ROCHjCHjOH. The mono methyl, ethyl and n-butyl ethers are inexpensive and are known as methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, and butyl cellosolve respectively. They are completely miscible with water, and are excellent solvents. The commercial products are purified by drying over anhydrous potassium carbonate or anhydrous calcium sulphate, followed by fractionation after... 

The barium gulonate is undoubtedly contaminated with some epimeric idonate. The lactone of the latter substance is removed by recrystallization of the gulonic lactone from Methyl Cellosolve. 

A small amount of less pure lactone may be obtained by evaporation of the mother liquor to a syrup and repetition of the Methyl Cellosolve-ethyl acetate crystallization. 

In systems which preclude retro-aldol condensations, benzilic acid rearrangement of 11,12-diketones affords normal C-norsteroids in fair yields. For example, 11,12-diketotigogenin (82) is converted to the C-nor-(5oc,9(, 22a)-spirostane (83) in 65 % yield by barium oxide in boiling aqueous methyl-cellosolve. ... 

Discussion. Hydroxyl groups present in carbohydrates can be readily acetylated by acetic (ethanoic) anhydride in ethyl acetate containing some perchloric acid. This reaction can be used as a basis for determining the number of hydroxyl groups in the carbohydrate molecule by carrying out the reaction with excess acetic anhydride followed by titration of the excess using sodium hydroxide in methyl cellosolve. 

The amount of reddish-purple acid-chloranilate ion liberated is proportional to the chloride ion concentration. Methyl cellosolve (2-methoxyethanol) is added to lower the solubility of mercury(II) chloranilate and to suppress the dissociation of the mercury(II) chloride nitric acid is added (concentration 0.05M) to give the maximum absorption. Measurements are made at 530nm in the visible or 305 nm in the ultraviolet region. Bromide, iodide, iodate, thiocyanate, fluoride, and phosphate interfere, but sulphate, acetate, oxalate, and citrate have little effect at the 25 mg L 1 level. The limit of detection is 0.2 mg L 1 of chloride ion the upper limit is about 120 mg L . Most cations, but not ammonium ion, interfere and must be removed. 

The monoalkyl ethers with R = CH C,Hj and C4H, , known respectively as methyl cellosolve, cellosolve and bviyl cellosolve, are of great commercial value, particularly as solvents, since they combine the properties of alcohols and ethers and are miscible with water. Equally important compounds are the carbitols (monoalkyl ethers of diethylaieglycol) prepared by the action of ethylene oxide upon the monoethers of ethylene glycol ... 

Redox titrants (mainly in acetic acid) are bromine, iodine monochloride, chlorine dioxide, iodine (for Karl Fischer reagent based on a methanolic solution of iodine and S02 with pyridine, and the alternatives, methyl-Cellosolve instead of methanol, or sodium acetate instead of pyridine (see pp. 204-205), and other oxidants, mostly compounds of metals of high valency such as potassium permanganate, chromic acid, lead(IV) or mercury(II) acetate or cerium(IV) salts reductants include sodium dithionate, pyrocatechol and oxalic acid, and compounds of metals at low valency such as iron(II) perchlorate, tin(II) chloride, vanadyl acetate, arsenic(IV) or titanium(III) chloride and chromium(II) chloride. 

Boiling of the Methyl Cellosolve dissipates the heat of reaction, which begins at about 90°. The submitters state that, in one preparation using 100 times the indicated quantities (21-1. flask), two condensers were used and intermittent cooling of the flask with a small stream of water kept the boiling from becoming too violent. 

Turanose Phenylosazone. A mixture of 4 g. of turanose, 2 ec. of water, and 1 co. of phenylhydrazine was warmed on the steam-bath until solution was complete. To the cooled solution was added 3.5 cc. of phenylhydrazine and 4 cc. of glacial acetic acid, and the mixture returned to the steam-bath for one hour. At the expiration of this time, 40 cc. of warm 60% alcohol was added and, upon cooling, a rapid crystallization of the osazone occurred. The osazone was recovered by filtration and washed with absolute alcohol followed by ether to yield 4.2 g. (69%) of lemon-yellow needles. The osazone is soluble in hot water and separates on cooling as jelly-like particles, but water is not a satisfactory solvent for its purification. It was recrystallized from 15 parts of 95% alcohol with good recovery, as needles which melted with decomposition at 200-205° and rotated [ ]d +24.5° - +33.0° (24 hours, constant value c, 0.82) in a mixture of 4 parts of pyridine, by volume, and 6 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol. In methyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) solution it rotated C< 3d" + 44.3°— + 48.5° (24 hours, constant value c, 0.80). 

Photoacid generator. D1 (4 wt%) was mixed with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) (20 wt%) in ethyl cellosolve acetate. The mixture was spin-coated on a silicon wafer and baked at 80V for 1 minute. Exposure was performed with a 600-W Xe-Hg lamp in conjunction with a UVD2 filter. The resist was developed in a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone to ethanol (7/1 w/w). 

Karl Fischer Reagent, single solution stabilized, methyl cellosolve as solvent, eg, catalog No So-K-3, diluted to about 2mg/ml titer with methyl cellosolve or a commercial diluent, eg, catalog No So-K-5 of Fisher Scientific Co... 

Formic acid is formed by the reaction of H2 and CO catalyzed by the dppe complex of Pd[96], In alcohol, alkyl formates are obtained[97]. DMF is obtained by the reaction of C02 (40 atm) and Me2NH under a high pressure of H2 (80 atm) in the presence of a base in methyl Cellosolve[98], The formate formation is explained by the insertion of C02 into a Pd—H bond to form Pd-formate species. Tetraethylurea (110) and diethylformamide (111) are obtained by the reaction of Et2NH and C02[99]. 

Films for lithographic evaluation were cast from methyl cellosolve acetate, and prebaked at 120°C in a vacuum oven for one hour. Patterns were developed using mixtures of ethyl cellosolve acetate and methyl cellosolve acetate. Areas exposed at a dose of 80 / 2 (20 keV) were developed with about 10% thinning of the unexposed resist. For development at 100 / 2, a contrast of 2.1 was observed (Figure 2), and the resolution at this dose was limited to about one micron. Superior sensitivity and resolution were obtained using a MA-AMS copolymer formed on the wafer by prebaking a copolymer of the methyl half ester of maleic acid with alphamethylstyrene. This latter resist system is discussed a little later. 

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