Of infective endocarditis

FIGURE 71-1. Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. (From Scheld W. In Atlas of Infectious Diseases External Manifestations of Systemic Infections. Philadelphia Current Medicine, Inc. Copyright 1997. Used with permission.)... 

B. Modified Duke Criteria for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis ... 

Firm alternate diagnosis explaining evidence of infective endocarditis, or... 

Resolution of infective endocarditis syndrome with antibiotic therapy for less than or equal to 4 days, or... 

Bayer AS, Bolger AF, Taubert KA, et al. Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis and its complications. Circulation 1998 98 2936-2948. 

Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis Utilization of specific echocardiographic... 

Hoen B. Special issues in the management of infective endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2002 16 437-452. 

Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2000 30 633-638. 

Sachdev M, Peterson GE, Jollis JG. Imaging techniques for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Cardiol Clin 2003 21 185-195. 

An electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, and echocardiogram are commonly performed. Echocardiography to determine the presence of valvular vegetations plays a key role in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis it should be performed in all suspected cases. 

Except for the conditions listed above, antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for any other form of CHD Prophylaxis is recommended because endothelialization of prosthetic material occurs within 6 months after the procedure From Wilson W, TaubertFA, CewilzM,etaL Prevention of infective endocarditis. Grculalion 2007 116 1736-1754 with permission Copyright 2007, American Medical Association. 

From Wilson W, TaubertKA, GewitzM, etal. Prevention of infective endocarditis. Orcu lotion 2007 116 1736-1754 with permission. Copyright 2007, American Medical Assoaation. 

Wilson W et al Prevention of infective endocarditis Guidelines from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007 116 1736. [PMID 17446442]... 

The extravalvular manifestations of infective endocarditis have many clinical features of an immune complex disease and immunologic studies of... 

Jones HR, Siekert RG (1989). Neurological manifestations of infective endocarditis review of clinical and therapeutic challenges. Brain 112 1295-1315... 

Kalashnikova LA, Nasonov EL, Stoyanovich LZ et al. (1994). Sneddon s syndrome and the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Cerebrovascular Diseases 4 76-82 Kanter MC, Hart RG (1991). Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis. Neurology 41 1015-1020 Kaposzta Z, Young E, Bath PMW et al. (1999). Clinical application of asymptomatic embolic signal detection in acute stroke a prospective study. Stroke 30 1814-1818 Katzav A, Chapman J, Shoenfeld Y (2003). 

Ruby RJ, Burton JR (1977). Acute reversible hemiparesis and hyponatremia. Lancet i 1212 Sabolek M, Bachus-Banaschak K, Bachus R et al. (2005). Multiple cerebral aneurysms as delayed complication of left cardiac myxoma a case report and review. Acta Neurology Scandinavica 111 345-350 Sacco RL, Kargman DE, Gu Q et al. (1995). Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 26 14-20 Salgado AV (1991). Central nervous system complications of infective endocarditis. 

Other potentially nephrotoxic drugs (e.g, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) should be used with caution in patients receiving gentamicin therapy, Data for once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides for children exist, but no data for treatment of infective endocarditis exist. 

Adverse effects are uncommon. Patients taking penicillin prophylaxis are liable to have penicillin-resistant viridans type streptococci in the mouth, so that during even minor dentistry, e.g. scaling, there is a risk of bacteraemia and thus of infective endocarditis with a penicillin-resistant organism in those with any residual rheumatic heart lesion. The same risk applies to urinary, abdominal and chest surg-... 

Olaison L, Belin L, Hogevik H, Alestig K. Incidence of beta-lactam-induced delayed hypersensitivity and neutropenia during treatment of infective endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1999 159(6) 607-15. 

Birmingham GD, Rahko PS, Ballantyne F III. Improved detection of infective endocarditis with transesophageal echocardiography. Am Heart J 1992 123 774-781. 

TABLE 1 09—3. Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis According to the Modified Duke Criteria... 

Reyes MP, Lemer AM. Current problems in the treatment of infective endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rev Infect Dis 1983 5 314-321. 

Durack DT. Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. In Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed. New York, Churchill-Livingstone, 2000 917-925. 

Culture negative endocarditis—Describes a patient in whom a clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis is likely, but blood cultures do not yield a pathogen. 

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