Compounds of Copper

The oxidation reaction between butadiene and oxygen and water in the presence of CO2 or SO2 produces 1,4-butenediol. The catalysts consist of iron acetylacetonate and LiOH (99). The same reaction was also observed at 90°C with Group (VIII) transition metals such as Pd in the presence of I2 or iodides (100). The butenediol can then be hydrogenated to butanediol [110-63-4]. In the presence of copper compounds and at pH 2, hydrogenation leads to furan (101). 

Examples of uses (82) of copper compounds are given in Table 4 which hsts the materials of primary industrial importance. The majority of copper compounds are used as fungicides, nutritionals, and algicides. 

The literature dealing with EPR studies of transition metal dithiocarbamato complexes is extensive. Interesting results were obtained about the interaction of copper compounds with various solvents 165,166,167,168) and about dimer formation of Cu(R2frozen solutions, 133,169) whereas extensive EPR studies about other transition metal dithiocarbamato complexes are reported as well 170,5,171, 37). As the measurements of the planar systems are most suitable for comparison with theoretical studies, we shall pay attention to the results of these investigations on Cu(II), Ag(II) and Au(II). 

Copper Development Association (2003). Uses of copper compounds, www.copper.org/ applications/compounds/copper sulphate02.html. 

As to catalytic reactions in homogeneous media, Moritz Traube found in his studies of the oxidation of hydrogen iodide by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, that the catalyst ferrous sulfate is activated by copper sulfate (5). As to the magnitude of such effects, Price stated in 1898 (6) that the simultaneous action of iron and of copper compounds on the reaction between persulfate and hydrogen iodide causes an unexpected acceleration of the reaction, which is more than twice as great as the acceleration calculated as an additive effect of the two single catalysts. However, effects were also observed of the opposite kind,... 

Fuel additives - [AMNES-CYCLOALIPHATIC AMINES] (Vol 2) - [SULFONIC ACIDS] (Vol 23) -arsenic compds as [ARSENIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -boron compds as [BORON COMPOUNDS - BORIC ACID ESTERS] (Vol 4) -coordination compounds as [COORDINATION COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7) -ethers m [ETHERS] (Vol 9) -magnesium alkyls as [MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -polyamines as [DIAMINES AND HIGHER AMINES ALIPHATIC] (Vol 8) -htanates as [TITANIUM COMPOUNDS - ORGANIC] (Vol 24) -use of copper compounds [COPPER COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7)... 

Olefin absorption -use of copper compounds [COPPER COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7)... 

AZURITE. This mineral is a basic carbonate of copper, crystallizing in the monoclinic system, with the formula Cu2.(C03)2(0H)2, so called from its beautiful azure-blue color. It is a brittle mineral with a conchoidal fracture hardness. 3.5-4 sp gr, 3.773 luster, vitreous, color and streak, blue transparent to translucent Azurite, like malachite, is a secondary mineral, but for less common than malachite. It is formed by the action of carbonated waters on compounds of copper or solutions of copper compounds. 

List of Copper Compounds Copper (I) acetaldehyde Catalysts. See Vol 1,... 

Cupric Acetylide. See under ACETYLIDES AND CARBIDES, Vol 1, p A74-R and in this Volume under List of Copper Compounds,pC 516-L... 

Cupric Explosive Salts. See under AMMINE, Tables D E, Vol 1, p A280-81 Cupric Azide Complexes, Vol 1, p A533-L under Cupric Chlorate, Vol 2, p C188-L under List of Copper Compounds in this Volume and others, p C 515-R... 

Cuprous Fulminate. See under List of Copper Compounds in this Volume, p C 520-R... 

A very large number of copper compounds have been tested for antiinflammatory activity, and various copper complexes of antiarthritic drugs have been found to be more effective than the parent drugs alone (including aspirin, D-penicillamine, ketoprofen and gold thiomalate).25... 

Cramp WA (1967) The toxic action on bacteria of irradiated solutions of copper compounds. Radiat Res 30 221-236... 

The oxidation of benzene- 1,2-diols to benzo-l,2-quinones is also a process of considerable biological importance, and solutions of copper compounds in organic solvents frequently act as catalysts for the aerial oxidation of such compounds (Fig. 9-5). These reactions almost certainly involve sequential one-electron processes, as indicated in Fig. 9-6. In some cases, the semiquinone forms may be isolated. 

In recent years, alloys of copper and beryllium have been found to have many useful properties (e.g., hardness, resistance to corrosion, and resistance to fatigue), and it seems probable that these alloys will become increasingly important. In addition to its uses as a metal, copper is also used to form many compounds, some of which are of considerable importance commercially. Table 11.5 gives examples of copper compounds and their uses. 

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