Odour relationship

Chastrette, M., Zakarya, D. and Peyraud, J.F. (1994). Structure-Musk Odour Relationships for Indan and Tetralins Using Neural Network. On the Contribution of Descriptors to Classification. Eur.J.Med.Chem., 29, 343-348. 

Takane, S.-Y. and Mitchell, J.B.O. (2004) A structure-odour relationship study using EVA descriptors and hierarchical clustering. Org. Biomol. Chem.,... 

The evaluative and subjective associations made by the consumer must be understood when assessing a product these are measured using market research techniques. If the market is understood, fragrances can be developed to match or enhance the image of a particular product or market segment. Sensory analysis is also an important tool in this process. Using powerful statistical techniques, the odour relationships between different products or perfumes can be characterized and quantified, and the results combined with market research to enable the subjective associations to be interpreted in odour terms. 

M. G. J. Beets, Structure-Activity Relationship in Human Chemoreception. Applied Science Publishers. London, 1978. B. Winter, Helt Chim. Acta, 72, 1278 (1989). 141. Ring-opened Analogues of Ambrox. Synthesis and Structure Odour Relationships. 

Multivariate data obtained from different strains of bacteria are especially suitedforPCA mostexamplesthusconcemantibacterials [1,20-25,181,184,187, 208]. Other applications deal with herbicides [26], opioids [4], structure-odour relationships [186], anti-inflammatory compounds [27, 182] and with the quantification of toxic compounds [207], respectively. Niemi et al. carried out a PCA of 90 molecular connectivity indices and needed eight PCs to explain more... 

Syst., 48, 35-46 (1999). Structure-Camphor Odour Relationships using the Generation and Selection of Pertinent Descriptors Approach. 

Check the toxicity of process materials, identify short and long term effects for various modes of entry into the body and different exposure tolerance Identify the relationship between odour and toxicity for all process materials Determine the means for industrial hygiene recognition, evaluation and control Determine relevant physical properties of process materials under all process conditions, check source and reliability of data... 

The influence of sunlight on vegetable growth, and the results of etiolation are, of course, well known to botanical students. There is no room for doubt that the production and evolution of the odour-bearing constituents of a plant are in direct relationship with the chlorophyll... 

The first publication of importance regarding the relationship between odour and chemical constitution per se, is that of Klimont, who attempted an explanation on the lines of Witt s colour theory. Elimont introduced the term aromataphore to designate groups which carry a pleasant odour with them. ... 

There are a number of nitro-compounds known under the name of artificial musk, all of which may conveniently be grouped together here. The natural odorous constituents of musk appear to be, in the main, ketonic compounds free from nitrogen, so that the term artificial musk must be understood to mean artificially prepared bodies, having musklike odours, but not having any direct chemical relationship with natural musk perfume. 

Fleming, A., Corter, C., Surbey, M., Franks, P. and Steiner, M. (1995) Postpartum factors related to mother s recognition of newborn infant odours. J. Reprod. Infant. Psyc. 13, 197-210. Gower, D.B., Bird, S., Sharma, P. and House, F.R. (1985) Axillary 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one in men and women relationship with olfactory acuity to odorous 16-androstenes. Experientia 41, 1134-1136. 

Another approach ( biogenetic analyses ) involves considerations of a reasonable biogenesis of a target compound. Reflections on relationships of components which belong to the same odour bouquet or which have already been known from related species may suggest structures to be expected and, thus, be helpful in the identification process. 

Although some research institutes started already in the middle of the seventies to measure sensorically odour emissions, it was not until 1980 before 4 different olfactometers were compared with each other for the first time. Great differences were found ranging from a factor of 3 to 40. A relationship between the differing compounds tested and the factor number was also noticed. The differences between the two TNO olfactometers almost disappeared after setting both on the same flow rate of 16 1/min. (7). 

Figure 3. Relationships between odour concentrations and perceived intensity for two hypothetical substances (A and B).

According to Stevens law the logarithm of the perceived intensity is linearly related to the logarithm of the odour intensity. In the figure this relationship is given for two substances, one with a slope of 1.00 and one with a slope of. 67. As can be seen from the figure, this means that an odour concentration of 100 odour units/m3 is related to very different perceived odour intensities for the two substances. This means that odour concentrations computed in odour units/m3 should not be used as an indication of perceived odour intensity, but can only be used in relative measurements where the effects of measures taken to reduce odour pollution are compared, or in studies where dispersion models are used to find the distance to the source at which threshold is reached. 

Observations of smoke plumes, first brief tests and some papers 15, 6/ suggest that the immission concentration is fluctuating in a wide range near the source. Human nose is more sensitive to odour concentration fluctuation than, due to adaption, to constant odour concentration. In fig. 5 it is shown qualitativly that odour perception may occur due to concentration fluctuations although the mean value is far below the odour threshold. In table 1 it is indicated that the distance between agricultural emission sources and receptor is relatively small in relationship to industrial emissions. 

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