Octreotide for

Diarrhea may occur from effects of chemotherapy on the lower portion of the GI tract. Diarrhea can be severe and may need to be treated with intravenous fluids and electrolytes. Infectious causes, such as C. difficile, should be ruled out. Pharmacologic therapy of diarrhea can range from loperamide or cholestyramine to octreotide for severe cases of diarrhea that are refractory to usual treatments. 

DTPA has also been used in the peptide-based " in-DTPA-octreotide. Octreotide is a shortened peptide analog of somatostatin designed to be more stable in vivo. Radiolabeling of octreotide for diagnostic imaging applications with radioisotopes for PET or SPECT has been investigated,... 

Hair loss in a 36-year-old man began after he had taken octreotide for acromegaly for 1 month (48). Therapy was changed to lanreotide after 6 months and hair loss reversed. This may have been coincidental. 

Antibodies to somatostatin analogues have been reported only rarely. However, in one study octreotide antibodies were demonstrated in 63 (27%) of 231 patients treated with subcutaneous octreotide for more than 3 years, rising to 57% after 5 years and 72% after 8 years (49). The antibodies did not reduce clinical efficacy. 

Corley DA, Cello JP, Adkisson W, Ko WF, Kerhkowske K. Octreotide for acute esophageal variceal bleeding a metaanalysis. Gastroenterology 2001 120(4) 946-54. 

Erstad BL. Octreotide for acute variceal bleeding. Ann Pharmacother 2001 35(5) 618-26. 

DECRISTOFORO. C., MELENDEZ-ALAFORT, L., SOSABOWSKI, J.K, MATHER, S.J., Tc-HYNIC-[Tyr3]-octreotide for imaging somatostatin-receptor-positive tumours Preclinical evaluation and comparison with Tn-octreotide, J. Nucl. Med. 41 (2000) 1114-1119. 

Octreotide therapy should be initiated using the shortacting subcutaneous formulation. Patients who have been maintained on subcutaneous octreotide for at least 2 weeks, and have shown response to therapy, may be converted to the long-acting depot form of octreotide. 

Based on these promising preclinical results, several chnical trials have been conducted to investigate the potential of In-DTPA-D-Phe -octreotide for targeted Auger electron radiotherapy of SSR-expressing mahgnancies [108-110]. In one trial [110], 50 patients with SSR-positive tumors were treated with multiple doses (6-7 GBq 160-190 mCi 50-100 pg] of in-DTPA-D-Phe -octreotide administered every 2... 

Decristoforo C, Mather SJ (1999 a) 99m-Technetium-labelled peptide-HYNIC conjugates effects of lipophilicity and stability on biodistribution. Nucl Med Biol 26 389-396 Decristoforo C, Mather SJ (1999b) Technetium-99m somatostatin analogues effect of labelling methods and peptide sequence. Eur J Nucl Med 26 869-876 Decristoforo C, Melendez-Alafort L, Sosabowski JK et al (2000) " Tc-HYNIC-[Tyr ]-octreotide for imaging somastotatin-receptor-positive tumors preclinical evaluation and comparison with In-octreotide. J Nucl Med 41 1114-1119... 

Lubberink M, Tolmachev V, Widstrom C, et al. (2002). In-DTPA-D-Phe -octreotide for imaging of neuoendocrine tumors using PET. J. Nucl. Med. 43 1391-1397. Tolmachev V, Bernhardt P, Forssell-Aronsson E, et al. (2000). In, a candidate for radionuclide therapy low-energy cyclotron production and labeling of DTPA-D-Phe -octreotide. Nucl. Med. Biol. 27 183-188. 

Octreotide for IV injection is used in the treatment of acute bleeding from esophageal varices. Variceal bleeding occurs in about half the patients with cirrhosis of the liver and is responsible for about one-third of deaths in these patients. Octreotide is a potent vasoconstrictor that reduces portal and collateral blood flow by constricting visceral vessels, which leads to reduced portal blood pressure and decreases the bleeding. 

Omata F, Deshpande G, Tokuda Y, Takahashi O, Ohde S, Carr-Locke DL, Jacobs JL, Mine T, Fukui T. Meta-analy-sis somatostatin or its long-acting analogue, octreotide, for prophylaxis against post-ERCP pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2010 45(8) 885-95. 

Laje P, Halaby L, Adzick NS, Stanley CA. Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates receiving octreotide for the management of congenital hyperinsulinism. Pediatr Diabetes 2010 11(2) 142-7. 

Gabriel M, Decristoforo C, Donnemiller E etal. (2003) An intrapatient comparison of Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC with In-DTPA-octreotide for diagnosis of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. J Nucl Med 44 708-716... 

Gabriel M, Muehllechner P, Decristoforo C et al. (2005) Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide for staging and followup of patients with neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancre-atic trnnors. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49 237-244... 

Lubberink M, Tolmachev V, Widstrom C, Bruskin A, Lundqvist H, Westlin JE. iiomin-DTPA-D-Phe -octreotide for imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with PET. J Nucl Med 2002 43 1391 1397. 

Decristoforo C, Melendez-Alafort L, Sosabowski JK, Mather SI. " Tc-HYNIC-[Tyr ]-octreotide for imaging somatostatin-receptor-positive tumors preclinical evaluation and comparison with in-octreotide. J Nucl Med 2000 41 1114-1119. 

Bakker WH, Krenning EP, Reubi JC, Breeman WAP, Setyono-Han B, de Jong J, Kooij PPM, Bruns C, Van Hagen PM, Marbach P, Visser TJ, Pless J, Lamberts SWJ. In vivo application of [ In-DTPA-D-Phe ]-octreotide for detection of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors in rats. Life Sci 1991 49 1593-1601. 

Jatoi A, Nieva JJ, Qin R, Loprinzi CL, Wos EJ, Novotny PJ, et al. A pilot study of long-acting octreotide for s)fmptomatic malignant ascites. Oncology 2012 82(6) 315-20. Epub 2012/05/11. 

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