Ocean temperature effect

Changes in surface temperature elsewhere in the globe are likely to have a lesser impact on carbon or DMS production. For example, the warming that a doubling of atmospheric COj could produce in the Southern Ocean has been modelled to lead to decreased carbon uptake, but enhanced biological productivity, due to the temperature effect on phytoplankton growth." This would lead to an approximately 5% increase in DMS production and a lesser increase in CCN. There is thus a negative feedback here, but only of minor impact. 

Fig. 7-3. The albedo as a function of temperature at a solar zenith angle of 75°, comparing clear and cloudy ocean and land. The temperature effect results from the large albedo of ice and snow. The sensitivity is small for cloud-covered land and...

Vertical concentration profiles of (a) temperature, (b) potential density, (c) salinity, (d) O2, (e) % saturation of O2, (f) bicarbonate and TDIC, (g) carbonate alkalinity and total alkalinity, (h) pH, (i) carbonate, ( ) carbon dioxide and carbonic acid concentrations, and (k) carbonate-to-bicarbonate ion concentration ratio. Curves labeled f,p have been corrected for the effects of in-situ temperature and pressure on equilibrium speciation. Curves labeled t, 1 atm have been corrected for the in-situ temperature effect, but not for that caused by pressure. Data from 50°27.5 N, 176°13.8 W in the North Pacific Ocean on June 1966. Source From Culberson, C., and R. M. Pytkowicz (1968). Limnology and Oceanography, 13, 403-417. 

As many alpine rivers - especially in the European Alps - contribute to lakes on their way to the lowlands and oceans, the effects of rivers are translated also to downstream lakes (Table 1). At high turbidity, the particle content determines the water density, whereas variations in temperature and salt content are often... 

Pressure effects on equilibria in liquids or solids are generally less spectacular than temperature effects, at least at the pressures normally encountered in chemical engineering (a few tens of megapascals) or in the environment (hydrostatic pressures in the ocean trenches exceed 100 MPa, but about 40 MPa would be more typical of the ocean floors). Higher lithostatic pressures are, of course, found beneath the Earth s surface, reaching 370 GPa (0.37... 

The Ocean has an enrichment effect on the of atmospheric CO2. This is the result of two opposing effects first, the variations in the of ocean water (6 ), and second, temperature effects on the CO2-H2O equilibrium fractionation. 

Takahashi T., Sutherland S. C., Sweeney C., Poisson A., Metzl N., Tilbrook B., Bates N., Wanninkhof R., Feely R. A., Sabine C., Olafsson J., and Nojiri Y. (2002) Globi sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean PCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. 1149, 1601-1622. 

Laws E. A., EalkowsM P. G., Smith W. O., Jr., Ducklow H., and McCarthy J. J. (2000) Temperature effects on export production in the open ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14, 1231-1246. 

Several studies have in fact attempted to deduce regional changes in salinity by pairing foraminiferal 8 0 data with alkenone paleotemperature estimates. In a seminal paper, Rostek et al. (1993) subtracted the isotopic temperature effect from an Indian Ocean curve obtained from... 

Takahashi, T. et al. (2002) Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pC02, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49,1601-22. 

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