Nutrient balances, effect

Fajer, E. D., Bowers, M. D., and Bazzaz, F. A. (1992). The effects of nutrients and enriched CO2 environments on production of carbon-based allelo-chemicals in Plantago a test of the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. Am. Natur. 140, 707-723. 

Wortmann, C.S. and C.K. Kaizzi (1998) Nutrient balances and expected effects of alternative practices in farming systems of Uganda.- Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 71, 115-129. 

Yeast strain, and nutrient status of the must and fermentation conditions, many of which affect growth or induce physiological stress, modulate the accumulation of acetic and other fatty acids in wine. Reported factors include must sugar concentration, nutrient balance, inoculum level, fermentation temperature, pH and aeration (Delfini and Costa 1993 Henschke and Jiranek 1993 Shimazu and Watanabe 1981). The effects of osmotic stress, as induced by sugar concentration, on acetic acid production are discussed in Sect. 8D.3.2. 

The nutrient balance is not the only factor affecting cell biochemistry, as there are many physiochemical interactions in a culture. The need to scale up cell cultures increases the importance of understanding the effect of such factors as agitation and mixing, and of how oxygen should be supplied in the least damaging way. 

We ve all heard about the ravages of acid rain. Resulting from toxic emissions in the environment, acid rain damages the leaves and needles on trees, reduces a tree s ability to withstand cold, drought, disease, and pests, and even inhibits or prevents plant reproduction. In an effort to stay alive and combat the acidity, tree roots pull important nutrients such as calcium and magnesium from the soil. These alkaline nutrients balance the effects of acid rain, but as they become depleted from the soil, the trees ability to survive is further strained. 

The next 3 sub-sections consider nutrient ratio effects pairwise, starting with N Si and proceeding by way of N P to P Fe. We end by considering the extent of flexibility in the Redfield ratios and concluding in a Panglossian fashion that the micropelagic ecosystems of northwest European seas are actually rather resistant to nutrient-ratio induced disturbance to the balance of organisms. 

Gregg JS, Izaurralde RC. (2010). Effect of crop residue harvest on long-term crop yield, soil erosion and nutrient balance trade-offs for a sustainable bioenergy feedstock. Biofuels, 1, 69-83. 

The ET cover cannot be tested at every landfill site so it is necessary to extrapolate the results from sites of known performance to specific landfill sites. The factors that affect the hydrologic design of ET covers encompass several scientific disciplines and there are numerous interactions between factors. As a consequence, a comprehensive computer model is needed to evaluate the ET cover for a site.48 The model should effectively incorporate soil, plant, and climate variables, and include their interactions and the resultant effect on hydrology and water balance. An important function of the model is to simulate the variability of performance in response to climate variability and to evaluate cover response to extreme events. Because the expected life of the cover is decades, possibly centuries, the model should be capable of estimating long-term performance. In addition to a complete water balance, the model should be capable of estimating long-term plant biomass production, need for fertilizer, wind and water erosion, and possible loss of primary plant nutrients from the ecosystem. 

In addition to a complete water balance, EPIC estimates plant biomass production, fertilizer use, wind and water erosion, loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil, and the effect of nutrient loss from the soil on plant growth. 

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