Blue maize

Where are the blue pigments in blue maize located What kinds of phytochemicals confer these pigments ... 

Investigate the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of blue maize and quality protein maize tortillas. 

Traditional dish of American Indians of the southwest, prepared from a thin batter of blue maize meal, ash, and water. The batter is cooked on a hot flat stone to form a parchment-like product. Piki can be crumbled, salted, roasted, and eaten like chips. 

Masa is flattened into thick discs, and refried beans are placed in the middle of the formed cake. Both sides are folded to cover the beans and to impart the typical oval-elongaled-shaped configuration. Tlacoyos are baked on both sides on a hot griddle and usually served with green sauce and dairy cream. Blue maize tlacoyos are very popular in central and south Mexico. 

Cortes, G.A., Salinas, M.Y., San Martin Martinez, E., and Martinez-Bustos, F. 2006. Stability of anthocyanins of blue maize (Zea mays L) after nixtamalization of separated pericarp-germ tip cap and endosperm fractions. J. Cereal Sci. 43 57-62. 

Blue maize Floury or soft-textured maize that contains blue-purple coloration in the aleurone layer due to the presence of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Thus, it is considered a nutraceutical food and is generally sold as flour, tortilla chips, and table tortillas. 

Waxy com starch, also known as waxy maize starch, consists of only amylopec-tin molecules, giving this starch different and useful properties (see Chapter 3). This genetic variety of com was discovered in China in the early 1900s, when com plants were transferred from the Americas. The starch stains red with iodine, not blue as ordinary starches do. When the com kernel is cut, the endosperm appears shiny and waxlike, and the com was termed waxy com or waxy maize. However, it contains no wax. 

The iodine affinities, blue values, max, beta-amylolysis limits and branch chain length distributions are similar for the starch samples harvested at different stages (7 to 30 days DAF) of development of waxy rice grains,331 japonica rice328 and indica rice.332 The gelatinization temperature of maize starch increases from 12 to 24 DAF, but is reduced at 36 DAF.333... 

Maddrell s salt 10 maize roots 44 Mannan 105, 151 membrane transport 99 metachomatic granules 53, 54, 62 metaphosphate 3 methylene blue 22, 23 Michaelis constant 78 mitochondria 58, 61, 96, 122, 150 moses 43... 

Plantacyanin is represented in the Arabidopsis genome by a single gene, while rice has nine. Multiple plantacyanin sequences can also be identified in plant species such as wheat, barley, and maize. Spinach plantacyanin is 91-amino acids long and is perhaps the smallest blue copper protein known. 

Mueller T., Jensen L., Nielsen E., and Magid J. (1998) Turnover of carbon and nitrogen in a sandy loam soil following incorporation of chopped maize plants, barley straw and blue grass in the field. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30, 561-571. 

We now wish to show how we can determine the total reactor volinne using the cmnulative distribution function. Consider the following situation We have a reactor completely filled with maize molecules. At time / = 0 we start to inject blue molecules to replace the maize molecules that ciurently fill the reactor. That is, the reactor volimie V is equal to the volume occupied by the maize molecules. Now, in a time dt, the volume of molecules that will leave the reactor is vdt). The fraction of these molecules that have been in the reactor a time t or greater is [1 - T (f)]. Because only the maize molecules have been in the reactor a time t or greater, the volume of maize molecules, dV, leaving the reactor in a time dt is... 

The relationship between the internal-age and external-age distribution can be demonstrated by analyzing a continuous reactor operating at steady state that is filled with material of volume V. Consider again that the volume of reactor is filled with maize-colored molecules, and at time t = 0 we start to inject blue molecules to replace the maize molecules. By definition of /(a), the volume of molecules inside the reactor that have been there between a time a and cr + da is... 

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