Nutmeg liver

This is a material that might be a contributing factor to the pharmacology of nutmeg. The major essential oil from that spice is myristicin, and it is the easiest source of MMDA. It has been reported that the passage of this oil through the liver... 

Contraindications May cause temporary constipation and difficulty in urination. Nutmeg oils increase fat deposits on liver. Safrole is carcinogenic and toxic to liver. Beneficial as spice or in small amounts not recommended as hallucinogen. 

Morita, T., Jinno, K., Kawagishi, H., Arimoto, Y., Suganuma, H., Inakuma, T. and Sugiyama, K. (2003) Hepatoprotective effect of myristicin from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on lipopolysaccharide/ D-galactosamine-induced liver injury, journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51 (6), 1 560-1 565. 

The oral LD of nutmeg oil is 2600 mg kg in rats, 4620 mg kg in mice, and 6000 mg kg in hamsters. Fatty degeneration of liver has been noted in dogs and cats. 

Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-) Acetylene Tetrachloride Tetrachloroethane Chlorotrifluoroethylene Trifluorochloroethylene Trifluorovinylch bride Methacrylic Acid Methyl Acrylic Acid Dichloroacetic Acid Nitropropane (2-) Cam phene Hexene Noryl GFN3 Cumene Hydroperoxide Bromobutyric Acid (2-) Methyl Methacrylate Cedar Wood Oil Lavender Oil Terpineol Eucalyptus Oil Tung Oil Sunflower Oil Soybean Oil Linseed Oil Cottonseed Oil Corn Oil Coconut Oil Benzalkonium Chloride Zephiran Chloride Creosote Cod Liver Oil Ceresin Castor Oil Bone Oil Pine Oil Rapeseed Oil Spermaceti Sperm Oil Tall Oil Cocoa Butter Red Oil Turkey Red Oil Neats Foot Oil Johnsons V fex 111 Palm Oil Vidden D Dowtherm Dowtherm A Lanolin Sassafras Oil Sandalwood Oil Santal Oil Rose Oil Nutmeg Butter Nutmeg Oil Cedar Leaf Oil Terpinyl Acetate Coal Tar Tar... 

Cod.-Ia.ver Oil Ointment. Melt together I part white wax, 1 part spermaceti, and 7 parid palo cod-liver oil. Used for ophthalmia, scrofulous sores, rheumatism, stiff joints, and some skin diseases, including ringworm. Scented with oil of nutmeg and balsam of Peru it forms an excellent pomade for strengthening and restoring the hair. 

These important products are not all synthetic. The oral consumption of 5-30 g nutmeg will produce hallucinogenic and entactogenic effects. The two constituents elemicine and myristicine (see Fig. 6-1) are converted by transamination in the liver to 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine and MMDA [15]. 

The two relevant constituents of nutmeg, elemicine and myristicine, become centrally active substances by transamination in die liver. The effects of the biogenic products 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine and MMDA have been known for a long time. After consumption of these drugs, the urine also contains various methoxypropenylphenols, especially 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenol (Fig. 8-26). 

The nutmeg is the seed of the tree Myristica fragrans and mace is the fibrous covering of the seed. The two spices are virtually identical as to their chemical composition. Myristicin and the conjugated isomer isomyristicin are also found in parsley oil, and in dill. This was the oil that was actually shown to be converted to MMDA by the addition of ammonia by passage through an in vitro liver preparation. 

Chen, J.K., and T.T. Chen. 2004. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. City of Industry, CA Art of Medicine Press. Chhabra, S.K., and A.R. Rao. 1994. Transmammary modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver of mouse pups by mace (Myristicafragrans Houtt.). /. Ethnopharmacol. 42(3) 169-177. Cushny, A.R. 1908. Nutmeg poisoning. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. (l) 39-44. Dinakar, H.S. 1977. Acute psychosis associated with nutmeg toxicity. Med. Times 105(12) 63-64. 

Myristic Ci Ho COOH 54 Nutmeg butter, liver fat, cocoa-nut oil, dika fat, croton oil. 

Specially blended spices are offered commercially for some food preparations, such as liver sausage which uses a spice blend consisting of sweet marjoram, mace, nutmeg, cardamom, ginger, pepper and a little cinnamon. 

---