Number formatting

Searching. A tmncation feature ( ) that allows word variation, eg, "mass spectrometry or mass spectroscopy" is used. Tide searching is accomphshed by using the added modifier "/ti" to bring up only tides. Commands to retrieve information generally use a protocol such as type-set number/format choice/number of records. 

Figure 14 Product particle-number formations for H20, N2, C02, and CO as a function of time.

Excel has features available that can assist during validation. One of these features allows a printout of protected individual or grouped cells as well as number formats. Figure 18.4 is an example. 

Rodriguez S, Cuevas E (2007) The contributions of minimum primary emissions and new particle number formation enhancements to the particle number concentration in urban air. J Aerosol Sci 38 1207-1219... 

Samples number Formation Mineralogy Texture Pore-types F m Chargeability M=Ri/(Rr.+Rn) n Water porosity Permeability (mD)... 

Excel has a remarkable ability to recognize the format of the value that you have entered as a number, a percent, a debit value, as currency, in scientific notation, as a date or time, or even as a fraction. The number will be displayed in the cell in the proper format, but the number equivalent of the value will appear in the formula bar. Figure 1-6 illustrates number formats recognized by Excel. 

Excel stores numbers with 15-significant-figure accuracy. These are displayed in the formula bar and used in all calculations, no matter what number formatting has been applied. Thus the fraction 1/3 appears in the formula bar as 0.333333333333333, and n as 3.14159265358979. 

If you choose the Custom category you will see the number formatting code that was applied to the cell. If you scroll through the list of codes, you ll see that many of them are quite complex (Figure 1-30). For the meaning of the built-in number format code symbols, see Table 1-4 or go to "Number Format Codes" in Excel s On-Line Help. 

Type the number format code, using one of the existing codes as a starting I point. 

Figure 1-30. The Number Format dialog box showing number formatting codes.

You can create custom number formats. First, choose the Custom category from the list of numbers formats. This will display the list of (so far) built-in number formats. To add a new, user-defined number format (it wiU be added at the bottom of the list), type the format in the Type box. For example, if you want to display numbers to four decimal places, type 0.0000 in the Type box. The new format will be stored in the list of formats so that you can apply it to other cells the format will be available in all sheets in the workbook. 

You can create some fairly sophisticated number formats. For example, the format. 0 (dollar sign, number sign, period, zero, comma, comma) formats financial entries rounded to millions, with one decimal the value 21180000 is displayed as 21.2. 

You can use number formatting to add units to a number value. For example, the format " g" appends the grams unit g to a number value the value 50 is displayed as 50 g, as shown in Figure 1-32. 

Figure 1-32. Units added to a value by means of number formatting.

As you saw earlier. Excel recognizes the format of data typed into cells. If you enter a value such as 6/23/00 and then choose Cells... from the Format menu, choose the Number tab and choose the Custom category, you ll see that Excel has recognized the value as a date and applied the m/d/yy number format. Now choose the format d-mmm-yy from the menu and observe the Sample display at the top of the dialog box. The data is displayed as23-Jun-00. 

You can create custom date formats by using the year, month and day formats listed in Table 1-5. Day or month formats can have one-, two-, three- or four-letter formats year formats can have either two- or four-letter formats. For example, the number format dddd, mmmm d, yyyy applied to a date entered as 8/3/38 will display Wednesday, August 3, 1938. 

Different number formats can be applied to positive, negative, zero and text values entered into a cell. A complete format consists of four sections, separated by semicolons, for positive, negative, zero and text values, respectively. If only one number format is specified, it applies to all values. If two number formats are specified, then the first one applies to positive numbers and zero, the second to negative numbers. For example, the format, [Red], formats positive amounts in black, Excel s default color, and negative amounts in red. 

Conditional number formats can be created by using the syntax [condition, value] format statement. Condition is one of the symbols <, >, =, >=, <=, <> value may be any number. Format statement may be any built-in or custom format. For example, the number format [>1] "Number too large" accepts any input less than 1 but otherwise issues an error message. 

Several conditions may be combined using semicolons. The number format [>999]. , % " ppm"... 

You can also format number values in cells by using the number formatting toolbuttons shown following. 

With an axis selected, the Scale tab (Figure 2-6) enables you to change the scale range and where the X Axis crosses the Y Axis, for example. The Number tab (not shown) permits you to use the same number formats available for worksheet cells in the Format Cells... command to change the number formatting of the axis labels. 

Excel Tip. You can also number-format chart axes by using numberformatting toolbuttons, such as Increase Decimal or Decrease Decimal... 

Times are represented by the decimal part of the serial number. You can use either number formatting or worksheet functions to convert these date serial values into comprehensible dates. 

There are two functions that permit you to apply number formatting to values in formulas. 

TEXT value, format text) converts a number to text and formats it, using the same number formatting symbols used the Format menu. 

If you want to use the coefficients for calculations, youTl have to copy them from the chart and paste them into worksheet cells. Usually the coefficients as displayed in the chart are not precise enough for calculations, but you can number-format the text to display more figures before copying the coefficients. 

To illustrate the use of the Recorder, we ll record the action of applying scientific number formatting to a number in a cell. First, select a cell in a worksheet and enter a number. Now choose Macro from the Tools menu, then Record New Macro... from the submenu. The Record Macro dialog box (Figure 13-5) will be displayed. 

Now choose Cells... from the Format menu, choose the Number tab and choose Scientific number format, then press OK. Finally, press the Macro Stop button. 

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