Nucleus anatomy

Martin GF, Culberson J, Laxson C, Linauts M, Panneton M, Tschismadia I (1980) Afferent connections of the inferior olivary nucleus with preliminary notes on their development Studies using the North American opossum. In Courville J et al. (Eds), The Inferior Olivary Nucleus Anatomy and Physiology. Raven Press, New York, 35. 

FIGURE 29-1. Anatomy of the extrapyramidal system. The extrapyramidal motor system controls muscle movement through a system of pathways and nerve tracts that connect the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, reticular formation, and spinal neurons. Patients with Parkinson s disease have a loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain stem that leads to depletion of dopamine in the corpus striatum. The corpus striatum is made up of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nuclei that are made up of the putamen and the globus pallidus. 

Hossmann KA (1999) The hypoxic brain. Insights from ischemia research. Adv Exp Med Biol 474 155-169 Karnath HO, Himmelbach M, Rorden C (2002) The subcortical anatomy of human spatial neglect putamen, caudate nucleus and pulvinar. Brain 125 350-360 Kataoka S, Hori A, Shirakawa T et al (1997) Paramedian pontine infarction. Neurological/topographical correlation. Stroke 28 809-815... 

Kitai ST, Kita H (1987) Anatomy and physiology of the subthalamic nucleus a driving force of the basal ganglia. Adv Behav Biol 52 357-373. 

Parent A, Hazrati LN (1995b) Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia, II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry. Brain Res Rev 20 128-154. 

Rubio ME, Juiz JM (1998) Chemical anatomy of excitatory endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat differential synaptic distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate, and vesicular zinc. J Comp Neurol 399 341-358. 

Fig. 20. Tissue section from the ventral posteromedial nucleus of rat thalamus. A neuron was microinjected with Lucifer Yellow and 15 optical sections (180 X 180pm each) were imaged at 2.5pm intervals in the Z-axis. (Sample courtesy of Dr. Robert Rhoades, Medical College of Ohio, Department of Anatomy, Toledo, OH.)...

The antidiuretic mechanism in mammals involves two anatomical components a CNS component for the synthesis, transport, storage, and release of vasopressin, and a renal collecting-duct system composed of epithelial cells that respond to vasopressin by increasing their permeability to water. The CNS component of this mechanism, called the hypothalamiconeurohypophyseal system, consists of neurosecretory neurons with perikarya located predominantly in two specific hypothalamic nuclei, the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The long axons of magnocellular neurons in the SON and PVN terminate in the neural lobe of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), where they release vasopressin and oxytocin. The relevant anatomy of the renal collecting-duct system is described in Chapter 28. 

Many studies have focused on the anatomy and physiology of the cochlear nucleus (CN) revealing a wealth of information. It can be subdivided into three regions, the anteroventral CN (AVCN) anterior to the nerve entry, the posteroventral CN (PVCN), and the dorsal CN (DCN), each with one or more distinctive neuron types and connections. The axon from each Type I SGC in the nerve branches to each of the three divisions in an orderly manner so that tonotopic organization is maintained. Neurons with... 

The interpretation of autoradiographs can be ambiguous, especially if the anatomy of the tissue furnishes few points of reference and the area to be counted is far from the cell nucleus. Often the shape of the cell may impede the exact determination of its centre . 

DFT efforts are directed towards elaborating such a potential, and the only criterion of whether a model is any good, is comparison with experiment. However, it turned out that there is a system for which every detail of the DFT can be verified. Uniquely, the dragon may be driven out the hole and we may fearlessly and with impunity analyze all the details of its anatomy. The system is a bit artificial, it is the harmonic helium atom (harmonium) discussed on p. 185, in which the two electrons attract the nucleus by a harmonic force, while repelling each other by Coulombic interaction. For some selected force constants k, e.g., for A =, the Schrodinger equation can be solved analytically. The wave function is extremely simple, see p. 507. The electron density (normalized to 2) is computed as... 

Fig. 2.2. Structure of parenchymatous plant cells. A. Cell from the petiole of a sugar-beet leaf. It has vacuolated cytoplasm with mitochondria, chloroplasts and nucleus. B. Starch sheath cells from young stem of tobacco, showing prominent starch grains in the chloroplasts. (Both xll90.) (From K. Esau, Plant Anatomy, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1953.)...

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