Nucleic acids mutation

Mass sepetrometry has also been used to analyze nucleic acid mutations and polymorphisms, and for the identification and chemical characterization of microbial cells. 

Short replication cycles that may be completed within a few hours, a large amount of viral progeny from one infected host-cell, as well as the general inaccuracy of viral nucleic acid polymerases result in an evolution occurring in fast motion, allowing rapid adaptation of viruses to selective pressures (see chapter by Boucher and Nijhius, this volume). Generalizing, it can be stated that any effective antiviral therapy will lead to the occurrence of resistance mutations. A well studied example... 

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V15. Vulliamy, T. J., Wanachiwanawin, W., Mason, P. J., and Luzzatto, L., G6PD Mahidol, a common deficient variant in South East Asia is caused by a (163) glycine - serine mutation. Nucleic Acids Res. 17,5868 (1989). 

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There is always interest in the photochemistry of the pyrimidine nucleic acid bases and related simple pyrimidinones, due to its importance in genetic mutation. In addition to damaging DNA, photo-induced reactions may also repair the damage, as in the reduction, by FADH, of the thymine glycol 64 back to thymine <06JACS10934>. Another report related to repair of DNA involved a model study, by means of the linked dimer 65, of the involvement of tryptophan in the electron-transfer leading to reversion of thymine oxetane adducts <06OBC291>. 

Jinnah, H. A., Harris, J. C., Nyhan, W. L. and O Neill, J. P. The spectrum of mutations causing HPRT deficiency an update. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 23 1153-1160,2004. 

Thymine and other bases in nucleic acids undergo dimerisation when irradiated with ultraviolet light, and this can result in DNA mutation or even cell death. 

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