Nuclear specification

The U.S. specifications for zirconium are Hsted in Table 4. Eor nuclear power use, each reactor vendor issues particular, detailed specifications which usually include the pertinent ASTM nuclear specifications. 

Nuclear-specific proteins, such as Ki-67 (MIB-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and protein 53 have an essential role in cell proliferation and are widely accepted proliferation marker. They are present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. 

While XAS techniques focus on direct characterizations of the host electrode structure, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to probe local chemical environments via the interactions of insertion cations that are NMR-active nuclei, for example lithium-6 or -7, within the insertion electrode. As with XAS, NMR techniques are element specific (and nuclear specific) and do not require any long-range structural order in the host material for analysis. Solid-state NMR methods are now routinely employed to characterize the various chemical components of Li ion batteries metal oxide cathodes, Li ion-conducting electrolytes, and carbonaceous anodes.Coupled to controlled electrochemical in-sertion/deinsertion of the NMR-active cations, the... 

The above discussion defines the problem in that EPR-active metalloprotein systems often exhibit readily observable but relatively uninformative spectra, with broad linewidths and umesolved hyperfine splitting. In contrast, NMR exhibits narrow lines and nuclear-specific signals with chemical shift and spin conpling information, bnt is inherently insensitive dne to the tiny size of nuclear magnetic... 

When the membrane channels and the intracellular release channels are activated, only brief pulses of Ca2+ are produced, since these channels have short open times. These elementary Ca2+ signals are localized around the channels and provide local control of many physiological reactions such as activation of other ion channels and nuclear-specific Ca2+ signals. The coordinated recruitment of many elementary Ca2+ release and entry channels allows the formation of global Ca2+ signals that persist... 

Lounasmaa, O.V., 1967, Nuclear specific heats in metals and alloys, in Freeman, A.J. and R.B. Frankel, eds., Hyperfine interactions (Academic Press, New York) pp. 467-496. 

The recently developed Excer process of the U.S.A.E.C. aims to extract uranium from low-grade ore, purify it up to nuclear specification and convert to uranium tetrafluoride ready for metal production. The process is shown in Fig. 3.15 and is based first upon a sulphuric acid leach of the ore and anion absorption of uranium from the pulp. Elution is then by 2M sulphuric acid to give a solution containing about 10 to 20 g U/1. The uranyl sulphate is then reduced by metallic iron to uranous sulphate, diluted to an acidity of 0-5M and a second cycle of anion-exchange carried out. Absorption behaves similarly to that with uranyl ion, but ferrous ion is not... 

With regard to the genetic determinants of the higher-eukaryotic cytochromes, the available data are circumscribed in view of the experimental difficulties. However, a certain parallelism between the higher and lower forms is becoming apparent. Evidence for a nuclear specification of cytochrome c apoprotein comes from the finding that both the mule and the hinny have an equal mixture of the horse and the donkey types of this protein [38]. At position 47, the cytochrome c of the horse contains a threonyl residue, and that of the donkey, a serine. The mule-and-hinny case represents an instance of non-sex-linked Mendelian inheritance without dominance [38]. 

In fact the principal limitation of the approach proposed by Rossky and co-workers is to be restricted to short time-windows (says tens of few femtoseconds). In the example presented below this is effectively the case, although this limitation must be borne in mind when applying the method to new situations. However, a major advantage is that one can use the wide range of methodologies developed over the past decades in computational chemistry to drive the motion of the classical nuclei. Classical molecular mechanics (MM), quantum mechanics (QM) and hybrid QM/MM ° methodologies can be used depending on the desired level of accuracy and on the electronic-nuclear specificities of the system of interest. 

The Institute of Nuclear Power Operations wrote an interesting addendum to their INPO 11-005, Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. They go on to discuss some of the lessons learned from the black swan event. Many of the lessons learned are heavily related to nuclear-specific design and operational issues however, here are some that have more universal application and again are themes that we shall see throughout this book (INPO, 2012) ... 

Strong depression of C is found at lower temperatures, with a crossing-over towards higher T where C is increased in a magnetic field. The up-turn of C below 0.2 K towards low T is due to the nuclear specific heat contribution arising... 

Cl = lattice specific heat Cm = magnetic specific heat Cn = nuclear specific heat C, = specific heat in garnet D = crystal field tensor of the ion... 

In EuIG, the nuclear specific heat, Cn, must be included. The linear residual part had a temperature coefficient of (0.23 0.03) x 10" R, and it is 15% of Cy above 2K, but becomes negligible below 1.2 K (Henderson et al., 1969). The Cy data of TmlG behave approximately the same as for EuIG and YIG. Their analysis is hampered by the uncertainty on the value of D for TmIG. No evidence of a Tm optical level becoming populated at temperatures below 4.5 K was found in the Cy data. 

That this constancy is the consequence of a measuring device of nuclear specification is indicated by two sets of observations (a) all cytoplasmic petities (p strains) that retain any mtDNA at all do so at levels comparable to wild-type (b) as shown by Fukuhara and... 

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