Novobiocin application

The primary application of the procedure is the determination of the presence or absence of 3-lactam 7) residues in milk and secondarily to measure the levels quantitatively. The receptor assay system has now been expanded to qualitatively detect residues of tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, novobiocin, and sulfamethazine in milk, serum and urine (Table II) (30). 

More versatile than the growth-inhibition assays and potentially applicable to determining the presence of different antibiotic residues in different matrices are the microbial receptor CHARM I and II test assays (19, 20). The Charm I test, developed exclusively for -lactams in milk, constitutes the first rapid test recognized by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) with a test time of 15 min (19). The speed and sensitivity of this test permitted testing of milk tankers before they unloaded at the processing plant (21). In 1984-1985, the CHARM I test was further developed to test for antibiotics beyond -lactams to include tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, novobiocin, and macrolides. The extended version has been referred to as CHARM II test. 

There is always a need for streamlining the initial purification steps of products that are derived from fermentation. Recent advances in a technique called expanded-bed adsoiption have shown the ability to elimmate the solid-4iquid separation step and thereby increase product yield and reduce processing time. Expanded-bed adsorption is not a new concept, since there are reported applications for streptomycin (23) in the 1950s and novobiocin (24) in the 1970s. However, these applications used adsorbents that were not specifically designed for expanded-bed-adsorption procedures and often required compli-... 

Activity of similar magnitude was demonstrated by several known antibiotics/ including novobiocin/ neomycin/ gentamicin/ and cephalexin (23). Mycotoxins evaluated in the wheat col optile assay were extremely active as growth in bitors/ retaining activity at concentrations as low as 10 M for verucarin A and J and for trichoverrin B (24). Several of the trichothecenes and cytochalasins evaluated were active at 10" M with cytochalasin H and deacetylcytochalasin H still active at 10" M concentrations. One very active compound in this assay is abscisic acid (ABA) which/ as yet/ has no agrochemical application in its native state. ABA inhibits 100/ 90/ and 69% at 10 / 10" and 10 M respectively (18). ... 

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