NOT logical operator

Molecular systems that can perform simple YES and NOT logic operations are very common, and luminescence... 

In fuzzy logic, operators such as AND, OR, and NOT are implemented by fuzzy intersection or conjunction (AND), fuzzy union or disjunction (OR), and fuzzy complement (NOT). There are various ways to define these operators, but commonly, AND, OR, and NOT logic operators are implemented by the min, max, and complement operators. The fuzzy truth, T, of a complex sentence is evaluated in this way ... 

Von Neumann s machine is actually an example of a universal constructor. It must not only carry out logical operations (i.e. act as a universal computer), but must also be able to identify and manipulate various components. The universal constructor C must be able to both (1) construct the machine whose blueprint appears in symbolic form on its input tape and (2) attach a copy of that same blueprint to the machine once it is constructed. Self-reproduction is the special case where C s input tape actually contains the blueprint data for C itself. Alas, there are a few subtleties. 

Although the ES can be constructed using rules with only one action and one condition, rules need not be restricted to a single condition or action. They may contain several parts joined by logical operators, such as AND, OR, and NOT, so that the conclusions depend on more than one premise or test. 

Since Excel is a powerful tool used widely for many different purposes with many options not all options can be discussed in this chapter. The focus of the chapter is on manually self-created spreadsheets for data calculation and checks against acceptance criteria (logical operations). Excel spreadsheets that are used with other electronic systems for automatic data or information entry, for further operations, or used as a view tool for databases are not within the scope of this chapter. Nevertheless, these types of spreadsheets are viewed as a normal spreadsheet with automatic entry, and validation, including validation of the interface, will be included to cover this item. In this chapter we provide guidance in validation and revalidation of Excel spreadsheets and information about managing validated spreadsheets. 

This produces a pharmacophore key or signature that provides a powerful measure for absolute diversity or similarity, calculable for both a ligand and a protein site, that has a consistent frame of reference for comparing any number of molecules and for comparing molecules to protein sites. Pharmacophore keys can be compared using logical operations (OR, AND, NOT) within Chem-X, and can be outputted in an ASCII or binary format, and analysed by other programs. 

In drug discovery, it can be useful to perform logical operations on the lists of pharmacophores exhibited by a series of active molecules. If all the molecules interact at the same receptor in the same way then an AND operation will reveal at least one pharmacophore which is common to all the molecules. Given sets of active molecules and inactive molecules, the pharmacophores which are exhibited by the active set but not the inactive set may be of interest. However, the reader is cautioned that inactivity may arise due to reasons other than failure to exhibit the desired pharmacophore the biological data may contain experimental errors and some approximations may have been made in computational methods used. This may lead to erroneous conclusions. 

In operational terms a NAND operation can be considered as an AND logic gate with a NOT logic function imposed upon its output. The symbols used and the corresponding truth table are shown in Figure 1. 

No strict separation. No need to declare logical variables. Operators. AND.,. OP.,. NOT., EQ. operate bit by bit comparison for integer variables. Integer value 0 corresponds to. FALSE, while -1 evaluates as. TRUE. 

Though the reasoning abilities of keyboard-trained chimpanzees have not yet been explored in any systematic way. Premack has tried teaching a variety of logical operations to both language-trained and untrained chimpanzees. In the simplest tests, the chimps were faced with the task of... 

The Rule Section contains the definitions of rules that are applied to a substructure. The rule is enclosed in quotation marks and uses the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT to return either TRUE or FALSE as result. Rules are organized in expressions, and their priority of execution is determined by the enclosing brackets. A rule identifier ensures the unique identification and reuse of rules in other expressions. An example is as follows ... 

SRS supports the data structure of individual databases in flat-file format by providing special indexes for implementing list of subentities such as feature tables. SRS has the ability to define indexed links between databases. Once indexed, the links become bidirectional and operate in multistep fashion. They operate on sets of entries and can be weighted and combined with logical operators (AND, OR, and NOT). 

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