Normal-state transport properties

Adopting the hypothesis of Trugman [60], most of the normal-state properties of the cuprates may be explained by the dressing of quasi-particles due to magnetic interactions and the subsequent modification of their dispersion relation. Then, once the quasi-particle band has been obtained, the Hall resistivity Rh = OxyzIr xxPyy can be calculated in the relaxation time approximation, using standard formulas for the transport coefficients  

Here is given by Eq. 30, V denotes the volume of the unit cell, e xy is the completely antisymmetric tensor, and = dE Jdk . Note that Rh does not depend on the relaxation time T. 

To make the discussion more quantitative, let us now consider the doping dependence of Rh(S,T) in terms of the f-f -/model using the saddle-point and relaxation time approximations, where FS and correlation effects are involved via the renormalized SB band (Eq. 33). As we have pointed out above, in our approach the SB quasi-particle band dispersion has to be determined in a self-consistent way at each doping level 5. This should be in contrast to the NZA SB mean-field approach to the t-f -/model of Chi and Nagi [61] where, in the 7 - 0 limit, the calculation of transport properties is based on the simple replacement Sj — Sj = -2 (5[(cos x + cos ) + 2(r7r)cos cosAy] ofthe non-interacting band dispersion (Eq. 2). 

3 We recently learned of a related exact diagonalization study of Dagotto et al. [63], where, similar in conclusion, the doping and temperature dependence of Rh was calculated using a strongly renormalized flat quasi-particle dispersion. 

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Since proximity to the MIT controls the normal state transport properties it is natural to assume that it might also influence the superconductive properties. To include these effects in a model, we modified the the Morel-Anderson model for Tc, to span the entire metallic range of an alloy ... 

Among the normal-state transport properties of the high-temperature cuprate superconductors, the Hall effect remains one of the most difflcult to explain. In the majority of the cuprates, the Hall coefficient Jin falls monotonically with increasing temperature. The... 

S. Martin, A. T. Fiory,R.M. Fleming, L.E.Schneemey- 2.96 er, J. V. Wasczcak Normal-state transport properties... 

Tables 2,3, and 4 outline many of the physical and thermodynamic properties ofpara- and normal hydrogen in the sohd, hquid, and gaseous states, respectively. Extensive tabulations of all the thermodynamic and transport properties hsted in these tables from the triple point to 3000 K and at 0.01—100 MPa (1—14,500 psi) are available (5,39). Additional properties, including accommodation coefficients, thermal diffusivity, virial coefficients, index of refraction, Joule-Thorns on coefficients, Prandti numbers, vapor pressures, infrared absorption, and heat transfer and thermal transpiration parameters are also available (5,40). Thermodynamic properties for hydrogen at 300—20,000 K and 10 Pa to 10.4 MPa (lO " -103 atm) (41) and transport properties at 1,000—30,000 K and 0.1—3.0 MPa (1—30 atm) (42) have been compiled. Enthalpy—entropy tabulations for hydrogen over the range 3—100,000 K and 0.001—101.3 MPa (0.01—1000 atm) have been made (43). Many physical properties for the other isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) have also been compiled (44).

From a microscopic standpoint, thermal conduction refers to energy being handed down from one atum or molecule in the next one. In a liquid or gas, ihese particles change their position continuously even withoul visible movemeni and they transport energy also in this way. From a macroscopic or continuum viewpoint, thermal conduction is quantitatively described by Fourier s equation, which states that the heat flux q per unit time and unit area through an area element arbitrarily located in the medium is proportional to the drop in temperature, -grad T. per unit length in the direction normal to the area and to a transport property k characteristic of the medium and called thermal conductivity ... 

The superconducting properties induced in the normal metal manifest themselves in many different ways, including energy-dependent transport properties and a modification of the local density of states. For instance, the conductance of a normal conductor connected to a superconducting electrode shows a striking re-entrant behavior [4]. At non-zero temperature and/or bias, the conductance of the normal metal is enhanced as compared to the normal-state. At zero temperature and zero bias, the expected conductance coincides with the normal-state value. The conductance has therefore a non-monotonous behavior. 

Transport properties above Tc(x) Actually, it is not necessary to study the properties near T = 0 to rule out a pseudogap region beyond an xc in the superconducting range of x. If fig. (2) were true, the universal normal state anomalies would change to the pseudogap properties for any x for temperatures below T (x) and above Tc(x). The data does not sustain this point of view. 

A substance is said to be in the gaseous state when heated to temperatures beyond its critical point. However, the physical properties of a substance near the critical point are intermediate between those of normal gases and liquids, and it is appropriate to consider such supercritical fluid as a fourth state of matter. For applications such as cleaning, extraction and chromatographic purposes, supercritical fluid often has more desirable transport properties than a liquid and orders of magnitude better solvent properties than a gas. Typical physical properties of a gas, a liquid, and a supercritical fluid are compared in Table 1. The data show the order of magnitude and one can note that the viscosity of a supercritical fluid is generally comparable to that of a gas while its diffusivity lies between that of a gas and a liquid. 

We return to the normal state of the (super) conducting fullerides, first with two papers on transport properties in thin films.[Ko92a, Pa92 ] Recalling that the metallic phase occurs at a composition of KaCeO) and that distinct phases of... 

While not the most toxic, plutonium is the most likely transuranium element to be encountered. Plutonium commonly exists in aqueous solution in each of the oxidation states from III to VI. However, under biological conditions, redox potentials, complexa-tion, and hydrolysis strongly favor Pu(IV) as the dominant species (27, 28). It is remarkable that there are many similarities between Pu(IV) and Fe(III) (Table I). These include the similar charge per ionic-radius ratios for Fe(III) and Pu(IV) (4.6 and 4.2 e/k respectively), the formation of highly insoluble hydroxides, and similar transport properties in mammals. The majority of soluble Pu(IV) present in body fluids is rapidly bound by the iron transport protein transferrin at the site which normally binds Fe(III). In liver cells, deposited plutonium is initially bound to the iron storage protein ferritin and... 

Transport Properties of Coatings. There has been substantial disagreement over the years as to the transport of water, oxygen, and ionic species through paint films. It has been stated that under normal conditions, paint films are saturated with water for about half their useful life, and for the remainder the water content corresponds with an atmosphere of high humidity. The water permeation rate of coatings is sufficiently high that corrosion could proceed on steel surfaces as fast as if the steel were not... 

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