Target density

Let the rate of the event under study be R. It will be proportional to the cross section for the process under study, a, the incident electron current, Iq, the target density, n, the length of the target viewed by the detectors,, the solid angles subtended by the detectors, Aoi and A012 the efficiency of the detectors, and... 

Table 1. Three-variable Box-Behnken design for PS foams. Fixed parameters (1) batch size 25 g (2) target density 0.050 g/cm ...

Brockel, B. J., Cory-Slechta, D. A. (1999). The effects of postweaning low-level Pb exposure on sustained attention a study of target densities, stimulus presentation rate, and stimulus predictability. 

Equation (3) incorporates relativistic effects, effects of target density, and corrections to account for binding of inner-shell electrons, as well as the mean excitation energy C/Z is determined from the shell corrections, S/2 is the density correction, Ifj accounts for the maximum energy that can be transferred in a single collision with a free electron, m/M is the ratio of the electron mass to the projectile mass, and mc is the electron rest energy. If the value in the bracket in Eq. (4) is set to unity, the maximum energy transfer for protons... 

Differences in weight are measured with 7-transmission gauging. If a 7-ray energy in a sufficiently low range is selected, the interaction mode between the 7-rays and the elemental constituents of explosives and paper listed in Table 7 is essentially limited to Compton scattering, which means that the 7-rays only interact with the target electrons and thus measure target density... 

It should be noted that a normal line and its accompanying lines due to inelastic energy losses have different dependences on the target density. In the limit of low scattering losses one has... 

In order to place these relative intensities on an absolute scale, thus obtaining the constants of proportionality cr0(3p4 2s+1Le) of equ. (5.84), a double ZEKE coincidence spectrum of helium was also measured. The ratio of observed argon-to-helium intensities then depends on the constants a0, the numbers Nph of incident photons, and the target densities nv. One has... 

Measuring the relative photon intensities and the relative target densities, and knowing the numerical value [Pg.268]

The counting rate that can be obtained in electron spectrometry with gaseous species is an important figure to be considered. It depends on two competing factors, the target density in the source volume and the limitations set by the scattering losses of the electrons. Therefore, special attention must be given to the... 

This information is extremely important for quantitative measurements with metal vapours, because even for constant oven temperature the target density will not necessarily be constant due to the gradual closing of the diaphragms ( D1VD2 ) due to vapour deposition. 

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